{"id":977,"date":"2015-06-07T22:24:05","date_gmt":"2015-06-07T21:24:05","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.payne.cz\/WP15\/?p=977"},"modified":"2015-06-07T22:39:10","modified_gmt":"2015-06-07T21:39:10","slug":"sedmero-duvodu-pro-a-trocha-pochybnosti","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.payne.cz\/WP15\/sedmero-duvodu-pro-a-trocha-pochybnosti\/","title":{"rendered":"Sedmero d\u016fvod\u016f pro a trocha pochybnost\u00ed"},"content":{"rendered":"

12.12.1995<\/span><\/p>\n

Parlament \u010cesk\u00e9 republiky schv\u00e1lil 8. prosince usnesen\u00ed, j\u00edm\u017e vyj\u00e1d\u0159il souhlas s vysl\u00e1n\u00edm mechanizovan\u00e9ho praporu v po\u010dtu do tis\u00edce voj\u00e1k\u016f na dobu jednoho roku do Bosny v r\u00e1mci m\u00edrov\u00e9 operace mnohon\u00e1rodn\u00edch sil pod veden\u00edm NATO. Tento souhlas je podm\u00edn\u011bn\u00a0uzav\u0159en\u00edm m\u00edrov\u00e9 dohody a rozhodnut\u00edm Rady bezpe\u010dnosti OSN. C\u00edlem mise je dohled nad dodr\u017eov\u00e1n\u00edm a v p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b nedodr\u017een\u00ed vynucov\u00e1n\u00ed m\u00edrov\u00e9 dohody.<\/p>\n

Polo\u017eme si ot\u00e1zku, jak\u00e9 d\u016fvody vedou \u010ceskou republiku k rozhodnut\u00ed z\u00fa\u010dastnit se mezin\u00e1rodn\u00ed m\u00edrov\u00e9 mise pod mand\u00e1tem RB OSN v Bosn\u011b.<\/p>\n

Za prv\u00e9:\u00a0Daytonsk\u00fd bal\u00edk dohod je v d\u011bjin\u00e1ch evropsk\u00e9 diplomacie sv\u00fdm zp\u016fsobem unik\u00e1tn\u00ed pokus o \u0159e\u0161en\u00ed otev\u0159en\u00e9ho konfliktu na z\u00e1klad\u011b hlavy VII Charty OSN, kter\u00e1 umo\u017e\u0148uje dobrovoln\u00e9 nasazen\u00ed vojensk\u00e9 s\u00edly t\u0159et\u00edch zem\u00ed k prosazen\u00ed m\u00edru. Vyu\u017eit\u00ed t\u011bchto ustanoven\u00ed nebylo mysliteln\u00e9 v dob\u011b studen\u00e9 v\u00e1lky. Jde o unik\u00e1tn\u00ed pokus obnovit pr\u00e1vn\u00ed stav a politick\u00fd re\u017eim na \u00fazem\u00ed, kde se rozpadla st\u00e1tn\u00ed moc a nastalo nesmysln\u00e9 zab\u00edjen\u00ed a bezpr\u00e1v\u00ed. Vzhledem k tomu, \u017ee n\u011bkter\u00e9 anal\u00fdzy pova\u017euj\u00ed za\u00a0mysliteln\u00e9, \u017ee se konflikt podobn\u00e9ho typu m\u016f\u017ee objevit v budoucnosti i na jin\u00fdch m\u00edstech. Proto nen\u00ed vylou\u010deno, \u017ee v p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b \u00fasp\u011bchu vstoup\u00ed daytonsk\u00e9 dohody do d\u011bjin diplomacie a mezin\u00e1rodn\u00edho pr\u00e1va jako precedent pro \u0159e\u0161en\u00ed lok\u00e1ln\u00edch konflikt\u016f podobn\u00e9ho\u00a0typu. \u010cesk\u00e1 republika m\u00e1 ze z\u0159ejm\u00fdch d\u016fvod\u016f z\u00e1jem na stabilit\u011b v celoevropsk\u00e9m prostoru a m\u00e1 tak\u00e9\u00a0z\u00e1jem, aby byl nalezen efektivn\u00ed model pro \u0159e\u0161en\u00ed<\/strong>\u00a0takov\u00fdchto\u00a0konflikt\u016f a k nastolen\u00ed pr\u00e1vn\u00edho a politick\u00e9ho po\u0159\u00e1dku<\/strong>.<\/p>\n

Za druh\u00e9:\u00a0\u010cesk\u00e1 republika v\u00edt\u00e1\u00a0p\u0159ekon\u00e1n\u00ed nerozhodnosti mezin\u00e1rodn\u00edho spole\u010denstv\u00ed v evropsk\u00fdch bezpe\u010dnostn\u00edch ot\u00e1zk\u00e1ch<\/strong>, v\u00edt\u00e1\u00a0nalezen\u00ed politick\u00e9 v\u016fle konflikt \u0159e\u0161it<\/strong>, v\u00edt\u00e1\u00a0vytv\u00e1\u0159en\u00ed mezin\u00e1rodn\u00edho klimatu spolupr\u00e1ce a akceschopnosti<\/strong>, nebo\u0165 se t\u00edm posiluje syst\u00e9m kolektivn\u00ed bezpe\u010dnosti v Evrop\u011b.\u00a0\u00dasp\u011b\u0161n\u00e1 mezin\u00e1rodn\u00ed mise m\u016f\u017ee znamenat pos\u00edlen\u00ed autority OSN.<\/strong><\/p>\n

Za t\u0159et\u00ed:\u00a0Konflikt v b\u00fdval\u00e9 Jugosl\u00e1vii hodnot\u00ed \u010cesk\u00e1 republika jako p\u0159\u00edm\u00e9 i nep\u0159\u00edm\u00e9 bezpe\u010dnostn\u00ed riziko. Dovedeme si p\u0159edstavit p\u0159\u00edpadn\u00e9 \u0161\u00ed\u0159en\u00ed konfliktu sm\u011brem do St\u0159edn\u00ed Evropy. \u010cesk\u00e1 republika je krom\u011b jin\u00fdch st\u00e1t\u016f tak\u00e9 c\u00edlovou zem\u00ed uprchl\u00edk\u016f a uv\u011bdomuje si, \u017ee ne\u0159e\u0161en\u00ed situace m\u016f\u017ee zvy\u0161ovat migra\u010dn\u00ed tlak. Povinnost\u00ed ka\u017ed\u00e9 vl\u00e1dy je, aby se sna\u017eila sni\u017eovat bezpe\u010dnostn\u00ed rizika, kter\u00e1 dan\u00e9 zemi hroz\u00ed. \u010cesk\u00e1 republika mus\u00ed vych\u00e1zet z toho, \u017ee\u00a0p\u0159\u00edm\u00e1 \u00fa\u010dast v mezin\u00e1rodn\u00ed m\u00edrov\u00e9 misi sni\u017euje bezpe\u010dnostn\u00ed rizika pro \u010cR<\/strong>.<\/p>\n

Za \u010dtvrt\u00e9:\u00a0\u010cesk\u00e1 republika m\u00e1 p\u0159\u00edm\u00fd z\u00e1jem na stabilit\u011b Balk\u00e1nu. Je to oblast tradi\u010dn\u00edch vazeb zem\u00ed koruny \u010desk\u00e9 a s n\u011bkter\u00fdmi \u010d\u00e1stmi byla \u010cR po dlouhou dobu dokonce sou\u010d\u00e1st\u00ed stejn\u00e9ho st\u00e1tu – habsbursk\u00e9 monarchie. Dal\u0161\u00edm d\u016fvodem pro \u00fa\u010dast je tedy\u00a0historick\u00e1 soun\u00e1le\u017eitost<\/strong>.<\/p>\n

Za p\u00e1t\u00e9:\u00a0\u010cesk\u00e1 republika m\u011bla se zem\u011bmi b\u00fdval\u00e9 Jugosl\u00e1vie v minulosti \u010dil\u00e9 obchodn\u00ed styky (SRJ odhadem a\u017e jedna miliarda dolar\u016f), kter\u00e9 se dramaticky zredukovaly kv\u016fli v\u00e1le\u010dn\u00fdm ud\u00e1lostem. Sledujeme-li v\u00fdvoj obchodn\u00ed v\u00fdm\u011bny a ekonomick\u00e9 spolupr\u00e1ce nap\u0159\u00edklad se Slovinskem, dovedeme si p\u0159edstavit, \u017ee za norm\u00e1ln\u00edch okolnost\u00ed by se obdobn\u011b rozv\u00edjel i obchod s dal\u0161\u00edmi st\u00e1ty na \u00fazem\u00ed b\u00fdval\u00e9 Jugosl\u00e1vie a to znamen\u00e1, \u017ee by dnes byl tento prostor jedn\u00edm z v\u00fdznamn\u00fdch ekonomick\u00fdch partner\u016f. \u010cesk\u00e1 republika m\u00e1 na Balk\u00e1n\u011b sv\u00e9\u00a0hospod\u00e1\u0159sk\u00e9 z\u00e1jmy a to hned n\u011bkolika druh\u016f<\/strong>.<\/p>\n

Za \u0161est\u00e9:\u00a0D\u016fvod mo\u017en\u00e1 zd\u00e1nliv\u011b politicky m\u00e9n\u011b d\u016fle\u017eit\u00fd, av\u0161ak mo\u017en\u00e1 o to v\u00edce srozumiteln\u00fd pro \u010deskou ve\u0159ejnost. Jadersk\u00e9 pob\u0159e\u017e\u00ed je tradi\u010dn\u00ed rekrea\u010dn\u00ed oblast\u00ed pro \u010desk\u00e9 ob\u010dany. \u010cesk\u00e1 republika, chce-li se vyvarovat obdobn\u00fdch situac\u00ed, jak\u00e9 za\u017eili n\u011bkte\u0159\u00ed \u010de\u0161t\u00ed turist\u00e9 letos v l\u00e9t\u011b, kdy\u017e se museli za m\u00edrn\u011b dramatick\u00fdch okolnost\u00ed vracet dom\u016f, mus\u00ed podporovat m\u00edrov\u00e9 \u0159e\u0161en\u00ed\u00a0konfliktu. \u010cesk\u00e1 republika m\u00e1 z\u00e1jem, aby mohli \u010ce\u0161i pokojn\u011b\u00a0vyu\u017e\u00edvat jadersk\u00e9 pob\u0159e\u017e\u00ed k rekreaci<\/strong>.<\/p>\n

Za sedm\u00e9:\u00a0\u010cesk\u00e1 republika m\u00e1 z hlediska dlouhodob\u00fdch zahrani\u010dn\u011bpolitick\u00fdch priorit z\u00e1jem prok\u00e1zat, \u017ee\u00a0Arm\u00e1da \u010cR<\/strong>\u00a0(jako ne\u010dlensk\u00e9 zem\u011b NATO)\u00a0je schopn\u00e1 splnit pot\u0159ebn\u00e1 kriteria a operovat pod spole\u010dn\u00fdm velen\u00edm s jednotkami \u010dlensk\u00fdch st\u00e1t\u016f NATO<\/strong>.<\/p>\n

P\u0159i rozhodov\u00e1n\u00ed o \u00fa\u010dasti \u010desk\u00e9 jednotky v Bosn\u011b si mus\u00edme b\u00fdt v\u011bdomi i p\u0159\u00edslu\u0161n\u00fdch z\u00e1porn\u00fdch str\u00e1nek. Nebojme se polo\u017eit si otev\u0159en\u011b ot\u00e1zky a formulovat pochybnosti (kter\u00e9 jsme jako poslanci kladli p\u0159i projedn\u00e1v\u00e1n\u00ed).<\/p>\n

Bosna nen\u00ed jedin\u00fdm m\u00edstem konfliktu na Balk\u00e1n\u011b. Ur\u010dit\u00fdm nebezpe\u010d\u00edm m\u016f\u017ee b\u00fdt to, \u017ee se sice poda\u0159\u00ed na z\u00e1klad\u011b dohod stabilizovat bosenskou situaci, av\u0161ak etnick\u00e1 nap\u011bt\u00ed se p\u0159enesou spolu s uprchl\u00fdmi fundamentalistick\u00fdmi p\u0159edstaviteli jednotliv\u00fdch etnik (na n\u011bkter\u00e9 z nich je pod\u00e1na \u017ealoba u mezin\u00e1rodn\u00edho soudu v Haagu) do oblast\u00ed mimo Bosnu – nap\u0159\u00edklad do V\u00fdchodn\u00ed Slavonie, do Sand\u017eaku,\u00a0do Kosova, do \u010cern\u00e9 Hory \u010di v extr\u00e9mn\u00ed variant\u011b a\u017e do Vojvodiny, kde mohou organizovat partyz\u00e1nsk\u00e9 a teroristick\u00e9 odd\u00edly. Bal\u00edk dohod se pokou\u0161\u00ed zajistit co nejlep\u0161\u00ed podm\u00ednky pro uprchl\u00edky a zejm\u00e9na pro jejich n\u00e1vrat. Av\u0161ak ji\u017e sou\u010dasn\u00e9 ud\u00e1losti v Sarajevu i jinde nasv\u011bd\u010duj\u00ed, \u017ee n\u00e1vrat uprchl\u00edk\u016f (kter\u00fdm je zaji\u0161t\u011bna amnestie) m\u016f\u017ee\u00a0b\u00fdt obt\u00ed\u017en\u00fd. Proto je t\u0159eba maxim\u00e1ln\u00ed obez\u0159etnost a v\u010dasn\u00e1 reakce na p\u0159\u00edpadn\u00e9 nesrovnalosti. Nejlep\u0161\u00edm \u0159e\u0161en\u00edm by bylo\u00a0co nejd\u0159\u00edv\u011bj\u0161\u00ed vysl\u00e1n\u00ed mezin\u00e1rodn\u00edch sil<\/strong>. K jejich vysl\u00e1n\u00ed byla nezbytn\u00e1 dohoda evropsk\u00fdch a sv\u011btov\u00fdch velmoc\u00ed, kter\u00e9 maj\u00ed na Balk\u00e1n\u011b tradi\u010dn\u00ed z\u00e1jmy. Je v\u00fdznamn\u00e9, \u017ee tohoto konsensu bylo dosa\u017eeno.<\/p>\n

Ohro\u017een\u00edm pl\u00e1nu by mohlo b\u00fdt i jednostrann\u00e9 odm\u00edtnut\u00ed resp. vypov\u011bzen\u00ed m\u00edrov\u00fdch smluv n\u011bkterou ze stran konfliktu. Rozborem z\u00e1jm\u016f a rizik v\u0161ech z\u00fa\u010dastn\u011bn\u00fdch stran dosp\u011bjeme k z\u00e1v\u011bru, \u017ee takov\u00e1 varianta nen\u00ed p\u0159\u00edli\u0161 pravd\u011bpodobn\u00e1. P\u0159es to mus\u00edme zva\u017eovat, co se stane, kdyby k n\u00ed do\u0161lo. V takov\u00e9m p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b by se musela cel\u00e1 m\u00edrov\u00e1 mise st\u00e1hnout mimo \u00fazem\u00ed Bosny. Ve vojensk\u00fdch pl\u00e1nech je „evakua\u010dn\u00ed pl\u00e1n“ zahrnut. Potom by v podstat\u011b n\u00e1sledoval n\u00e1vrat\u00a0k\u00a0p\u016fvodn\u00edmu v\u00e1le\u010dn\u00e9mu stavu. Pro \u010deskou jednotku je d\u016fle\u017eit\u00e9, aby m\u011bla\u00a0pro p\u0159\u00edpad pot\u0159eby efektivn\u00ed pl\u00e1n koordinovan\u00e9ho sta\u017een\u00ed mezin\u00e1rodn\u00edch sil.<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u010casto diskutovan\u00fdm probl\u00e9mem je mo\u017enost, \u017ee se nepoda\u0159\u00ed naplnit m\u00edrov\u00fd pl\u00e1n ve lh\u016ft\u011b jednoho roku. Z\u00fa\u010dastn\u011bn\u00e9 strany mohou kalkulovat s t\u00edm, \u017ee mezin\u00e1rodn\u00ed ve\u0159ejnosti po \u010dase jakoby „dojde politick\u00e1 v\u016fle“. Mohou nastat probl\u00e9my s financov\u00e1n\u00edm mezin\u00e1rodn\u00edch sil. Proti zdr\u017eovac\u00ed taktice a snaze pokra\u010dovat v boj\u00edch stoj\u00ed p\u0159\u00e1n\u00ed mnoha obyvatel Bosny skon\u010dit v\u00e1lku a vyu\u017e\u00edt p\u0159isl\u00edben\u00e9 pomoci k obnov\u011b zem\u011b.\u00a0Program pro hospod\u00e1\u0159skou obnovu Bosny a zaji\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed pot\u0159ebn\u00fdch finan\u010dn\u00edch prost\u0159edk\u016f m\u00e1 kl\u00ed\u010dov\u00fd v\u00fdznam pro stabilizaci konfliktu.<\/strong><\/p>\n

Na z\u00e1klad\u011b podpisu m\u00edrov\u00fdch smluv byly pozastaveny sankce v\u016f\u010di SRJ (nikoli v\u0161ak proti bosensk\u00fdm Srb\u016fm) ve v\u0161ech oblastech, av\u0161ak z\u016fst\u00e1v\u00e1 je\u0161t\u011b po stanovenou dobu v platnosti zbrojn\u00ed embargo. Nekontrolovan\u00fd dovoz zbran\u00ed by mohl komplikovat m\u00edrovou operaci. K zaji\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed trval\u00e9 rovnov\u00e1hy bude nutn\u00e9 postupn\u011b dozbrojit a vycvi\u010dit v dan\u00e9m term\u00ednu strany konfliktu tak, aby byla vytvo\u0159ena norm\u00e1ln\u00ed rovnov\u00e1ha ozbrojen\u00fdch sil.\u00a0Proces postupn\u00e9ho odbour\u00e1n\u00ed embarga a nastolen\u00ed rovnov\u00e1hy sil bude nesm\u00edrn\u011b citliv\u00fd a k\u0159ehk\u00fd.<\/strong><\/p>\n

Pr\u00e1v\u011b z d\u016fvod\u016f k\u0159ehkosti m\u00edrov\u00fdch dohod a z d\u016fvod\u016f v\u00fd\u0161e uveden\u00fdch probl\u00e9m\u016f je nutn\u00e9 v p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b pot\u0159eby zabezpe\u010dit dodr\u017een\u00ed dohodnut\u00e9ho m\u00edru silou. Prosazov\u00e1n\u00ed m\u00edru silou je nouzov\u00fdm \u0159e\u0161en\u00edm, kdy\u017e selhala prevence konfliktu. V Bosn\u011b takov\u00e1 situace nastala a nyn\u00ed se naskytla d\u00edky obdivuhodn\u00e9 americk\u00e9 diplomacii mo\u017enost \u0159e\u0161en\u00ed.\u00a0\u010cesk\u00e1 republika by m\u011bla ud\u011blat v\u0161e pro to, aby m\u00edrov\u00e1 iniciativa nakonec byla \u00fasp\u011b\u0161n\u00e1.<\/strong><\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

12.12.1995 Parlament \u010cesk\u00e9 republiky schv\u00e1lil 8. prosince usnesen\u00ed, j\u00edm\u017e vyj\u00e1d\u0159il souhlas s vysl\u00e1n\u00edm mechanizovan\u00e9ho praporu v po\u010dtu do tis\u00edce voj\u00e1k\u016f na dobu jednoho roku do Bosny v r\u00e1mci m\u00edrov\u00e9 operace… \u010c\u00edst v\u00edce ><\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"ngg_post_thumbnail":0,"_monsterinsights_skip_tracking":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_active":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_note":"","_monsterinsights_sitenote_category":0,"footnotes":""},"categories":[3],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-977","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-clanky"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.payne.cz\/WP15\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/977","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.payne.cz\/WP15\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.payne.cz\/WP15\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.payne.cz\/WP15\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.payne.cz\/WP15\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=977"}],"version-history":[{"count":3,"href":"https:\/\/www.payne.cz\/WP15\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/977\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":981,"href":"https:\/\/www.payne.cz\/WP15\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/977\/revisions\/981"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.payne.cz\/WP15\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=977"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.payne.cz\/WP15\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=977"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.payne.cz\/WP15\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=977"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}