{"id":968,"date":"2015-06-07T22:19:06","date_gmt":"2015-06-07T21:19:06","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.payne.cz\/WP15\/?p=968"},"modified":"2015-06-07T22:19:22","modified_gmt":"2015-06-07T21:19:22","slug":"968","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.payne.cz\/WP15\/968\/","title":{"rendered":"Co d\u00e1l v Bosn\u011b?"},"content":{"rendered":"

27.3.1998<\/span><\/p>\n

Prvn\u00ed f\u00e1ze Daytonsk\u00fdch dohod z roku 1995 m\u011bla p\u0159ekvapiv\u00fd v\u00fdsledek – b\u011bhem prvn\u00edch 120 dn\u016f se zastavily vlekl\u00e9 a krvav\u00e9 boje. Americk\u00fd kongres m\u011bl ji\u017e tehdy obavy, \u017ee se vytvo\u0159\u00ed situace, ze kter\u00e9 nebude mo\u017en\u00e9 vycouvat, \u017ee vojensk\u00e9 s\u00edly z\u016fstanou dlouhodob\u011b rozm\u00edst\u011bn\u00e9 (jako na Golansk\u00fdch v\u00fd\u0161in\u00e1ch \u010di na Kypru) a budou pouze spot\u0159ebov\u00e1vat pen\u00edze, ale \u0159e\u0161en\u00ed z\u016fstane v nedohlednu.<\/p>\n

Tyto obavy se v Bosn\u011b naplnily. Mand\u00e1t voj\u00e1k\u016fm st\u00e1le prodlu\u017eujeme (a to se t\u00fdk\u00e1 i \u010desk\u00fdch jednotek), mise stoj\u00ed pen\u00edze, ale v\u00fdsledek se nedostavuje. Sv\u011btov\u00e1 ve\u0159ejnost je sm\u00ed\u0159en\u00e1 s t\u00edm, \u017ee se situace sice nezlep\u0161uje, ale ono se nest\u0159\u00edl\u00ed. Politikov\u00e9 jsou zdr\u017eenliv\u00ed, do takov\u00fdch v\u011bc\u00ed, kter\u00e9 neslibuj\u00ed sl\u00e1vu za rychl\u00e9 \u00fasp\u011bchy, se nikdo nehrne.<\/p>\n

Pot\u00ed\u017ee d\u011bl\u00e1 vytvo\u0159en\u00ed politick\u00fdch org\u00e1n\u016f a instituc\u00ed, kter\u00e9 by byly schopny spravovat zemi (vl\u00e1da, parlament), udr\u017eovat vnit\u0159n\u00ed po\u0159\u00e1dek a respekt k lidsk\u00fdm pr\u00e1v\u016fm (policie, soudy). Jen v nepatrn\u00e9 m\u00ed\u0159e doch\u00e1z\u00ed k n\u00e1vratu uprchl\u00edk\u016f. P\u016fvodn\u00ed struktura spole\u010dnosti byla zni\u010dena etnick\u00fdmi \u010distkami, nov\u00fd \u0159\u00e1d se neda\u0159\u00ed vytvo\u0159it.<\/p>\n

Drobn\u00fdm p\u0159\u00edsp\u011bvkem k hled\u00e1n\u00ed dal\u0161\u00edho programu pro Bosnu by mohla b\u00fdt na\u0161e zku\u0161enost s repatriac\u00ed krajan\u016f.<\/p>\n

Prvn\u00ed zku\u0161enosti jsme z\u00edskali p\u0159i p\u0159esunu voly\u0148sk\u00fdch \u010cech\u016f k n\u00e1m a nutno \u0159\u00edci, \u017ee ne moc dobr\u00e9. Hromadn\u00fd p\u0159esun obyvatelstva v autobusech m\u00e1 mnoho podobn\u00e9ho s etnick\u00fdmi \u010distkami, i kdy\u017e nete\u010de krev. Motivac\u00ed k p\u0159est\u011bhov\u00e1n\u00ed byla vidina zasl\u00edben\u00e9 zem\u011b. Skute\u010dnost byla mnohem tvrd\u0161\u00ed, ne\u017e si kdo um\u011bl p\u0159edem p\u0159edstavit. Velk\u00e1 o\u010dek\u00e1v\u00e1n\u00ed, re\u00e1ln\u00e9 \u010di nere\u00e1ln\u00e9 sliby tehdej\u0161\u00edho p\u0159edsedy \u010desk\u00e9 vl\u00e1dy Pitharta a mnoho jin\u00e9ho vedlo k nespokojenosti a k semknut\u00ed voly\u0148sk\u00fdch \u010cech\u016f do vlastn\u00ed komunity. Teprve po letech se poda\u0159ilo tyto bari\u00e9ry p\u0159ekonat.<\/p>\n

\u010cesk\u00e1 republika zm\u011bnila strategii. Nam\u00edsto hromadn\u00e9ho p\u0159esunu obyvatelstva se rozhodla pro individu\u00e1ln\u00ed p\u0159\u00edstup. Exekutiva vyu\u017eila schopnost\u00ed nevl\u00e1dn\u00edch organizac\u00ed a s jednotliv\u00fdmi rodinami byly sjedn\u00e1v\u00e1ny individu\u00e1ln\u00ed podm\u00ednky. Jednalo se o mo\u017enostech zam\u011bstn\u00e1n\u00ed, mo\u017enostech ubytov\u00e1n\u00ed a dal\u0161\u00edch perspektiv\u00e1ch. Nezast\u00edraly se probl\u00e9my. S ka\u017edou rodinou, kter\u00e1 se rozhodla vyu\u017e\u00edt \u010desk\u00e9 vl\u00e1dn\u00ed podpory, se uzav\u0159ela dohoda zavazuj\u00edc\u00ed ob\u011b strany. Na\u0161e vl\u00e1da poskytne finan\u010dn\u00ed i jinou podporu, rodina, kter\u00e1 m\u00e1 z\u00e1jem se p\u0159est\u011bhovat se zav\u00e1\u017ee k ur\u010dit\u00fdm aktivit\u00e1m (nap\u0159\u00edklad zlep\u0161it si \u010desk\u00fd jazyk). Jakousi c\u00edlovou perspektivou z\u016fst\u00e1v\u00e1 z\u00edsk\u00e1n\u00ed \u010desk\u00e9ho ob\u010danstv\u00ed. P\u0159est\u011bhov\u00e1n\u00ed je sice krok do nezn\u00e1ma, ale podm\u00ednky jsou v tomto p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b p\u0159eci jen z\u0159eteln\u011bj\u0161\u00ed.<\/p>\n

K tomu, aby mohla skon\u010dit mezin\u00e1rodn\u00ed mise v Bosn\u011b je nutn\u00e9, aby vznikly oblasti, kter\u00e9 za\u010dnou p\u0159ipom\u00ednat norm\u00e1ln\u00ed m\u00edrov\u00fd \u017eivot. Transfer obyvatelstva zanech\u00e1v\u00e1 hlubok\u00e9 stopy na lidsk\u00e9 psychice. Psychicky \u00fanosn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed a p\u0159irozen\u011bj\u0161\u00ed je rozhodnut\u00ed p\u0159est\u011bhovat se.<\/p>\n

Pokud by se poda\u0159ilo zajistit minim\u00e1ln\u00ed stabilitu alespo\u0148 na \u010d\u00e1sti \u00fazem\u00ed Bosny pro jednotliv\u00e9 etnick\u00e9 komunity (Chorvat\u00e9, Srbov\u00e9, Muslimov\u00e9), mohl by za\u010d\u00edt n\u00e1vrat uprchl\u00edk\u016f, organizovan\u00fd nikoli jako transfer obyvatelstva, ale na z\u00e1klad\u011b individu\u00e1ln\u00edho kontraktu za stanoven\u00fdch podm\u00ednek s jistou finan\u010dn\u00ed podporou, kterou by musela poskytnout mezin\u00e1rodn\u00ed komunita. Bylo by d\u016fle\u017eit\u00e9, aby k n\u00e1vratu sice ne v\u017edy dom\u016f, ale k n\u00e1vratu na \u00fazem\u00ed vlasti vyzvali politi\u010dt\u00ed p\u0159edstavitel\u00e9 etnick\u00fdch komunit.<\/p>\n

Nacionalistick\u00e1 nen\u00e1vist znemo\u017enila spolu\u017eit\u00ed n\u00e1rodn\u00edch komunit pospolu a patriotismus, vztah k vlasti byl slabou vazbou, tak\u017ee \u0159e\u0161en\u00edm bezperspektivnosti byl pro mnoh\u00e9 \u00fat\u011bk. Popsan\u00fd projekt by m\u011bl za c\u00edl vr\u00e1tit nad\u011bji a perspektivu a motivovat k n\u00e1vratu do vlasti a k jej\u00ed obnov\u011b.<\/p>\n

Dal\u0161\u00ed pouh\u00e9 \u010dek\u00e1n\u00ed na z\u00e1zra\u010dn\u00e9 usm\u00ed\u0159en\u00ed za asistence pom\u011brn\u011b drah\u00fdch vojensk\u00fdch jednotek z mnoha zem\u00ed povede zcela jist\u011b k tomu, \u017ee zvolna za\u010dne doch\u00e1zet trp\u011blivost. Mohlo by se st\u00e1t, \u017ee prohospoda\u0159\u00edme i to dobr\u00e9, co se prozat\u00edm v Bosn\u011b poda\u0159ilo.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

27.3.1998 Prvn\u00ed f\u00e1ze Daytonsk\u00fdch dohod z roku 1995 m\u011bla p\u0159ekvapiv\u00fd v\u00fdsledek – b\u011bhem prvn\u00edch 120 dn\u016f se zastavily vlekl\u00e9 a krvav\u00e9 boje. Americk\u00fd kongres m\u011bl ji\u017e tehdy obavy, \u017ee se… \u010c\u00edst v\u00edce ><\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"ngg_post_thumbnail":0,"_monsterinsights_skip_tracking":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_active":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_note":"","_monsterinsights_sitenote_category":0,"footnotes":""},"categories":[3],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-968","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-clanky"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.payne.cz\/WP15\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/968","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.payne.cz\/WP15\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.payne.cz\/WP15\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.payne.cz\/WP15\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.payne.cz\/WP15\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=968"}],"version-history":[{"count":2,"href":"https:\/\/www.payne.cz\/WP15\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/968\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":970,"href":"https:\/\/www.payne.cz\/WP15\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/968\/revisions\/970"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.payne.cz\/WP15\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=968"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.payne.cz\/WP15\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=968"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.payne.cz\/WP15\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=968"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}