{"id":947,"date":"2015-06-07T21:53:30","date_gmt":"2015-06-07T20:53:30","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.payne.cz\/WP15\/?p=947"},"modified":"2015-06-07T21:56:47","modified_gmt":"2015-06-07T20:56:47","slug":"nova-bezpecnostni-architektura","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.payne.cz\/WP15\/nova-bezpecnostni-architektura\/","title":{"rendered":"Nov\u00e1 bezpe\u010dnostn\u00ed architektura"},"content":{"rendered":"

29.9.1996<\/span><\/p>\n

Na\u0161e politika d\u00e1v\u00e1 jasn\u011b najevo, \u017ee d\u00e1v\u00e1me p\u0159ednost kolektivn\u00ed obran\u011b proti bezpe\u010dnostn\u00edm rizik\u016fm v r\u00e1mci pln\u00e9ho \u010dlenstv\u00ed v NATO. Odpov\u011bdn\u00fd politik si mus\u00ed v\u0161ak polo\u017eit ot\u00e1zku, zda se nem\u00e1me pro p\u0159\u00edpad dlouhodob\u00e9ho odkladu p\u0159ipravovat tak\u00e9 na jinou alternativu.<\/em><\/span><\/p>\n

B\u011bhem n\u011bkolika t\u00fddn\u016f \u010di m\u011bs\u00edc\u016f se patrn\u011b dostane na str\u00e1nky denn\u00edk\u016f dokument, kter\u00fd se ji\u017e del\u0161\u00ed dobu p\u0159ipravuje a kter\u00fd m\u00e1 pojedn\u00e1vat o roz\u0161\u00ed\u0159en\u00ed NATO. Pracovn\u011b by m\u011bl odpov\u011bd\u011bt na ot\u00e1zky pro\u010d a jak k roz\u0161\u00ed\u0159en\u00ed dojde. Ov\u0161em st\u0159edoevropsk\u00e9 st\u00e1ty o\u010dek\u00e1vaj\u00ed odpov\u011bdi na ot\u00e1zku kdo a kdy. Bude n\u00e1sledovat obdob\u00ed vyjas\u0148ov\u00e1n\u00ed stanovisek a uji\u0161\u0165ov\u00e1n\u00ed o budouc\u00edch z\u00e1m\u011brech.<\/p>\n

St\u0159edn\u00ed Evropu m\u016f\u017eeme ji\u017e od dob prvn\u00ed sv\u011btov\u00e9 v\u00e1lky pova\u017eovat za prostor bezpe\u010dnostn\u00edho vakua, za prostor, kter\u00fd nem\u00e1 jednot\u00edc\u00ed bezpe\u010dnostn\u00ed koncept jako celek. \u010ceskoslovensk\u00e1 diplomacie se ve dvac\u00e1t\u00fdch a t\u0159ic\u00e1t\u00fdch letech pokusila tento probl\u00e9m \u0159e\u0161it jednak politickou, diplomatickou cestou t\u00edm, \u017ee akcentovala malou dohodu a uzav\u0159ela smluvn\u00ed z\u00e1vazky s Franci\u00ed, jednak urychlen\u00fdm budov\u00e1n\u00edm arm\u00e1dy, odpov\u00eddaj\u00edc\u00ed tehdej\u0161\u00edmu bezpe\u010dnostn\u00edmu riziku. V\u00fdsledkem selh\u00e1n\u00ed evropsk\u00e9ho bezpe\u010dnostn\u00edho syst\u00e9mu (nebo iluse o bezpe\u010dnosti) bylo, \u017ee do tohoto prostoru vstoupilo hitlerovsk\u00e9 N\u011bmecko, smluvn\u00ed vztahy preventivn\u00ed diplomacie se zhroutily, \u010desk\u00fd n\u00e1rod utrp\u011bl dal\u0161\u00ed kolektivn\u00ed trauma a za\u010dala druh\u00e1 sv\u011btov\u00e1 v\u00e1lka.<\/p>\n

Ji\u017e v pr\u016fb\u011bhu druh\u00e9 sv\u011btov\u00e9 v\u00e1lky si ve st\u0159edoevropsk\u00e9m prostoru vytv\u00e1\u0159el sf\u00e9ru vlivu Stalin a v pr\u016fb\u011bhu konce \u010dty\u0159ic\u00e1t\u00fdch let ji d\u016fsledn\u011b naplnil ideologicky zalo\u017een\u00fdmi nedemokratick\u00fdmi re\u017eimy. Komunistick\u00e1 ideologie pro n\u011bj byla pouh\u00fdm maskovac\u00edm man\u00e9vrem a z\u00e1minkou, jak do zem\u011b dostat sv\u00e9 lidi. Prostor mocenskopolitick\u00e9ho vakua pot\u00e9, co N\u011bmecko prohr\u00e1lo v\u00e1lku a bylo oslabeno, vyplnil na pades\u00e1t let Sov\u011btsk\u00fd svaz.<\/p>\n

V devades\u00e1t\u00fdch letech do\u0161lo k relativn\u011b pokojn\u00e9mu rozpadu Sov\u011btsk\u00e9ho bloku a zjednodu\u0161en\u011b lze \u0159\u00edci, \u017ee Rusov\u00e9 prohr\u00e1li studenou v\u00e1lku. St\u0159edn\u00ed Evropa op\u011bt p\u0159ipom\u00edn\u00e1 skl\u00e1da\u010dku puzzle – hrom\u00e1dku st\u00e1t\u016f, kter\u00e9 maj\u00ed sv\u00e9 z\u00e1jmy (reformovat star\u00fd zdevastovan\u00fd politick\u00fd a hospod\u00e1\u0159sk\u00fd syst\u00e9m a p\u0159ipojit se k oblasti stability) a maj\u00ed i sv\u00e1 bezpe\u010dnostn\u00ed rizika. Na rozd\u00edl od diplomatick\u00fdch v\u00fdrok\u016f z\u00e1padoevropsk\u00fdch politik\u016f o vst\u0159\u00edcn\u00fdch (partnersk\u00fdch) vztaz\u00edch s Ruskou federac\u00ed usly\u0161\u00edme v pobaltsk\u00fdch st\u00e1tech p\u0159\u00edmo\u010dar\u00e9 konstatov\u00e1n\u00ed, \u017ee poci\u0165uj\u00ed obavy z Ruska, z jeho koncepce bl\u00edzk\u00e9ho zahrani\u010d\u00ed, z jeho prosazov\u00e1n\u00ed sf\u00e9r vlivu. Rusko dostalo po skon\u010den\u00ed studen\u00e9 v\u00e1lky \u0161anci p\u0159esv\u011bd\u010dit, \u017ee nen\u00ed pro nikoho rizikem ani hrozbou a \u017ee ve sv\u00fdch reform\u00e1ch sleduje prosazen\u00ed evropsk\u00fdch demokratick\u00fdch hodnot. Dostalo se mu p\u0159i tom i nezanedbateln\u00e9 finan\u010dn\u00ed pomoci zejm\u00e9na od Spojen\u00fdch st\u00e1t\u016f a N\u011bmecka. (Po obdob\u00ed sout\u011b\u017een\u00ed se uk\u00e1zalo, \u017ee zv\u00edt\u011bzil vliv USA a v Moskv\u011b je rozhoduj\u00edc\u00ed ciz\u00ed m\u011bnou americk\u00fd dolar.)<\/p>\n

Nov\u00e1 evropsk\u00e1 bezpe\u010dnostn\u00ed architektura (co\u017e je eufemistick\u00e9 vyj\u00e1d\u0159en\u00ed touhy po sice drah\u00e9, ale nev\u00eddan\u00e9 stabilit\u011b (by\u0165 drah\u00e9), jakou poskytovala studen\u00e1 v\u00e1lka). Nov\u00fd bezpe\u010dnostn\u00ed syst\u00e9m mus\u00ed poskl\u00e1dat puzzle st\u0159edoevropsk\u00fdch zem\u00ed. Jist\u00e9ho odkladu \u0159e\u0161en\u00ed bylo dosa\u017eeno v Programu partnerstv\u00ed pro m\u00edr, kter\u00fd v\u0161ak nen\u00ed \u0159e\u0161en\u00edm trval\u00fdm.<\/p>\n

Uji\u0161\u0165ov\u00e1n\u00ed, \u017ee st\u0159edoevropsk\u00e9 zem\u011b maj\u00ed spol\u00e9hat na kolektivn\u00ed a kooperativn\u00ed model bezpe\u010dnosti je nev\u011brohodn\u00e9. Nen\u00ed zn\u00e1m \u017e\u00e1dn\u00fd p\u0159\u00edklad z posledn\u00ed doby, kde by tyto instituce (OBSE) dok\u00e1zaly \u00fa\u010dinn\u011b reagovat, zato zn\u00e1me \u0159adu p\u0159\u00edklad\u016f ze situace na Balk\u00e1n\u011b \u010di na Kavkaze sv\u011bd\u010d\u00ed o tom, \u017ee by bylo bl\u00e1hov\u00e9 se na p\u016fsoben\u00ed diplomatick\u00fdch prost\u0159edk\u016f spol\u00e9hat. Srbov\u00e9 si prosadili princip \u00fazemn\u00edho zisku vojenskou silou. Rusko ukon\u010dilo obdob\u00ed fragmentace vojensk\u00fdm z\u00e1sahem proti vlastn\u00edm ob\u010dan\u016fm v \u010ce\u010densku.<\/p>\n

Politikov\u00e9 ka\u017ed\u00e9ho st\u00e1tu jsou povinni zajistit v prvn\u00ed \u0159ad\u011b bezpe\u010dnost vlastn\u00edho st\u00e1tu a uchov\u00e1n\u00ed svobody. To plat\u00ed i pro \u010deskou republiku. Spol\u00e9hat na p\u0159\u00edsliby se n\u00e1m ji\u017e nevyplatilo v roce 1938. M\u00e1me p\u0159ed sebou obdob\u00ed, kdy se rozhodne, zda budeme pozv\u00e1ni k pln\u00e9mu \u010dlenstv\u00ed v NATO, v n\u011bm\u017e budeme zaji\u0161\u0165ovat svou bezpe\u010dnost na z\u00e1klad\u011b alian\u010dn\u00edch z\u00e1vazk\u016f kolektivn\u00ed obrany. Nebo, pokud nedostaneme jasnou perspektivu a pokud by m\u011blo b\u00fdt na\u0161e \u010dlenstv\u00ed dlouhodob\u011b odkl\u00e1d\u00e1no, budeme povinni budovat vlastn\u00ed bezpe\u010dnost nez\u00e1visle a pokud mo\u017eno v bl\u00edzk\u00fdch vztaz\u00edch se st\u00e1ty NATO. Nez\u00e1visl\u00e9 budov\u00e1n\u00ed vlastn\u00ed obrany by bylo dra\u017e\u0161\u00ed a neslo by s sebou riziko, \u017ee dojde k militarizaci St\u0159edn\u00ed Evropy.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

29.9.1996 Na\u0161e politika d\u00e1v\u00e1 jasn\u011b najevo, \u017ee d\u00e1v\u00e1me p\u0159ednost kolektivn\u00ed obran\u011b proti bezpe\u010dnostn\u00edm rizik\u016fm v r\u00e1mci pln\u00e9ho \u010dlenstv\u00ed v NATO. Odpov\u011bdn\u00fd politik si mus\u00ed v\u0161ak polo\u017eit ot\u00e1zku, zda se nem\u00e1me… \u010c\u00edst v\u00edce ><\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"ngg_post_thumbnail":0,"_monsterinsights_skip_tracking":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_active":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_note":"","_monsterinsights_sitenote_category":0,"footnotes":""},"categories":[3],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-947","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-clanky"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.payne.cz\/WP15\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/947","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.payne.cz\/WP15\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.payne.cz\/WP15\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.payne.cz\/WP15\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.payne.cz\/WP15\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=947"}],"version-history":[{"count":2,"href":"https:\/\/www.payne.cz\/WP15\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/947\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":949,"href":"https:\/\/www.payne.cz\/WP15\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/947\/revisions\/949"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.payne.cz\/WP15\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=947"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.payne.cz\/WP15\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=947"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.payne.cz\/WP15\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=947"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}