{"id":604,"date":"2015-05-08T07:00:07","date_gmt":"2015-05-08T06:00:07","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.payne.cz\/WP15\/?p=604"},"modified":"2015-06-01T11:25:38","modified_gmt":"2015-06-01T10:25:38","slug":"mezinarodni-mandat-v-kosovu","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.payne.cz\/WP15\/mezinarodni-mandat-v-kosovu\/","title":{"rendered":"Mezin\u00e1rodn\u00ed mand\u00e1t v Kosovu"},"content":{"rendered":"

Ji\u0159\u00ed Payne\u00a05.4.1999<\/span><\/p>\n

Na\u0161e bezradnost p\u0159i etnick\u00fdch konfliktech do jist\u00e9 m\u00edry pramen\u00ed ze selh\u00e1n\u00ed mezin\u00e1rodn\u011b bezpe\u010dnostn\u00edho syst\u00e9mu, zalo\u017een\u00e9ho na OSN.<\/p>\n

Charta OSN byla schv\u00e1lena 26. 6. 1945 a nen\u00ed divu, \u017ee pod vlivem tehdy \u010derstv\u00fdch zku\u0161enost\u00ed se za jedin\u00e9 nebezpe\u010d\u00ed pro m\u00edr pova\u017eovala agrese jednoho st\u00e1tu v\u016f\u010di druh\u00e9mu. Rada bezpe\u010dnosti je konstruov\u00e1na tak, aby dovedla \u0159e\u0161it (v\u00edce \u010di m\u00e9n\u011b \u00fasp\u011b\u0161n\u011b) st\u0159et dvou suver\u00e9nn\u00edch st\u00e1t\u016f. Naopak za\u010d\u00ednaj\u00edc\u00ed studenou v\u00e1lku p\u0159edznamenal princip \u201cnezasahov\u00e1n\u00ed do vnit\u0159n\u00edch z\u00e1le\u017eitost\u00ed st\u00e1tu\u201d, formulovan\u00fd v \u010dl. 2 odst. 7 Charty OSN: \u201c\u017e\u00e1dn\u00e9 ustanoven\u00ed t\u00e9to charty ned\u00e1v\u00e1 OSN pr\u00e1vo, aby zasahovala do v\u011bc\u00ed, kter\u00e9 podstatn\u011b pat\u0159\u00ed do pravomoci kter\u00e9hokoli st\u00e1tu, ani nezavazuje \u010dleny, aby takov\u00e9 v\u011bci podrobovali \u0159e\u0161en\u00ed podle t\u00e9to Charty\u201d.<\/p>\n

Trvalo dal\u0161\u00edch t\u0159icet let, ne\u017e byl princip \u201cnevm\u011b\u0161ov\u00e1n\u00ed\u201d p\u0159ekon\u00e1n helsinsk\u00fdmi dohodami, kter\u00e9 vych\u00e1zely z principu neodd\u011blitelnosti t\u0159\u00ed ko\u0161\u016f, tedy \u017ee lidsk\u00e1 pr\u00e1va, mezin\u00e1rodn\u00ed bezpe\u010dnost a hospod\u00e1\u0159sk\u00e1 spolupr\u00e1ce spolu souvis\u00ed dokonce tak hluboce, \u017ee dodr\u017eov\u00e1n\u00ed lidsk\u00fdch pr\u00e1v nen\u00ed vnit\u0159n\u00ed z\u00e1le\u017eitost\u00ed suver\u00e9nn\u00edho st\u00e1tu. (Teprve na z\u00e1klad\u011b t\u011bchto dokument\u016f u n\u00e1s vznikla Charta 77, VONS a dal\u0161\u00ed.)<\/p>\n

Dodnes nem\u00e1me mezin\u00e1rodn\u011b pr\u00e1vn\u00ed n\u00e1stroj<\/strong>, kter\u00fd by byl schopen v\u010das a \u00fa\u010dinn\u011b reagovat<\/strong> na etnick\u00fd konflikt uvnit\u0159 jednoho st\u00e1tu. Rada bezpe\u010dnosti m\u016f\u017ee ud\u011blit mand\u00e1t podle hlavy 6 Charty OSN v p\u0159\u00edpadech, kdy se m\u00e1 \u0159e\u0161en\u00ed konfliktu prosadit nasazen\u00edm m\u00edrov\u00fdch sil (modr\u00e9 p\u0159\u00edlby), nebo podle hlavy 7, kdy\u017e se jedn\u00e1 o donucovac\u00ed operaci v\u016f\u010di agresivn\u00edmu st\u00e1tu.<\/p>\n

Bezesporu je v\u00fdzvou pro dal\u0161\u00ed v\u00fdvoj mezin\u00e1rodn\u00edho pr\u00e1va naj\u00edt n\u00e1stroje a metody, jak v takov\u00fdch p\u0159\u00edpadech dosp\u011bt k p\u0159im\u011b\u0159en\u00e9mu a v\u010dasn\u00e9mu ud\u011blen\u00ed mand\u00e1tu pro mezin\u00e1rodn\u00ed z\u00e1sah. N\u011bkolik let p\u0159ipravovan\u00e1 reforma OSN tento probl\u00e9m ne\u0159e\u0161\u00ed a stejn\u011b m\u00e1 mizivou nad\u011bji na schv\u00e1len\u00ed. Autorita OSN se propad\u00e1.<\/p>\n

V pov\u00e1le\u010dn\u00fdch d\u011bjin\u00e1ch m\u00e1me celou \u0159adu p\u0159\u00edpad\u016f nasazen\u00ed ozbrojen\u00fdch sil bez mand\u00e1tu OSN. Pro p\u0159\u00edpad Kosova v\u0161ak byla schv\u00e1lena 23. 9. 1998 rezoluce Rady bezpe\u010dnosti \u010d. 1199, kter\u00e1 v\u00fdslovn\u011b konstatuje, \u017ee RB OSN \u201cjedn\u00e1 podle hlavy 7\u201d Charty OSN, tedy \u017ee se d\u00e1le jedn\u00e1 ji\u017e o donucovac\u00ed operaci. Je pravda, \u017ee to nen\u00ed mand\u00e1t ide\u00e1ln\u011b formulovan\u00fd, ale je pevn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed, ne\u017e byl v mnoha jin\u00fdch p\u0159\u00edpadech. Odp\u016frci vojensk\u00e9 intervence v Jugosl\u00e1vii tvrd\u00ed, \u017ee nen\u00ed mand\u00e1t \u017e\u00e1dn\u00fd. Vezm\u011bme za sv\u00e9, \u017ee jist\u00fd mand\u00e1t existuje, ale je \u010d\u00e1ste\u010dn\u00fd. Z\u00e1rove\u0148 v\u0161ak m\u011bjme na pam\u011bti, \u017ee situace v Jugosl\u00e1vii se p\u0159i p\u0159\u00edsn\u00e9m pr\u00e1vn\u00edm v\u00fdkladu vymyk\u00e1 p\u016fsobnosti RB OSN, tak\u017ee mand\u00e1t by vlastn\u011b nemohl ud\u011blit nikdo!<\/p>\n

Existuj\u00ed v\u0161ak i jin\u00e9 mezin\u00e1rodn\u00ed dokumenty. Nap\u0159\u00edklad mezin\u00e1rodn\u00ed pr\u00e1vo zaru\u010duje v\u0161em uprchl\u00edk\u016fm a vyhnan\u00fdm osob\u00e1m mo\u017enost vr\u00e1tit se bezpe\u010dn\u011b dom\u016f a stanov\u00ed odpov\u011bdnost (v tomto p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b jugosl\u00e1vsk\u00fdch org\u00e1n\u016f) vytvo\u0159it podm\u00ednky pro jejich bezpe\u010dn\u00fd n\u00e1vrat.<\/p>\n

Je prok\u00e1z\u00e1no, \u017ee za podpory jugosl\u00e1vsk\u00fdch bezpe\u010dnostn\u00edch jednotek doch\u00e1z\u00ed k nelidsk\u00e9mu vyvra\u017e\u010fov\u00e1n\u00ed a poprav\u00e1m. Toto jedn\u00e1n\u00ed je protipr\u00e1vn\u00ed i z hlediska vnit\u0159n\u00edch jugosl\u00e1vsk\u00fdch z\u00e1kon\u016f. Jugosl\u00e1vsk\u00e9 veden\u00ed nedodr\u017euje ani sv\u00e9 vlastn\u00ed z\u00e1kony, co\u017e je typick\u00e9 pro totalitn\u00ed re\u017eimy. V tomto kontextu se specifikace pr\u00e1vn\u00edho mand\u00e1tu pro operaci NATO dost\u00e1v\u00e1 do trochu jin\u00e9ho sv\u011btla.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Ji\u0159\u00ed Payne\u00a05.4.1999 Na\u0161e bezradnost p\u0159i etnick\u00fdch konfliktech do jist\u00e9 m\u00edry pramen\u00ed ze selh\u00e1n\u00ed mezin\u00e1rodn\u011b bezpe\u010dnostn\u00edho syst\u00e9mu, zalo\u017een\u00e9ho na OSN. Charta OSN byla schv\u00e1lena 26. 6. 1945 a nen\u00ed divu, \u017ee… \u010c\u00edst v\u00edce ><\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"ngg_post_thumbnail":0,"_monsterinsights_skip_tracking":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[10,3,13,9],"tags":[12,11,5],"class_list":["post-604","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-obrana","category-clanky","category-dompol","category-zahrpol","tag-nato","tag-obrana","tag-zahrpol"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.payne.cz\/WP15\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/604","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.payne.cz\/WP15\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.payne.cz\/WP15\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.payne.cz\/WP15\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.payne.cz\/WP15\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=604"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/www.payne.cz\/WP15\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/604\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":605,"href":"https:\/\/www.payne.cz\/WP15\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/604\/revisions\/605"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.payne.cz\/WP15\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=604"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.payne.cz\/WP15\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=604"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.payne.cz\/WP15\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=604"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}