{"id":598,"date":"2015-05-08T06:52:20","date_gmt":"2015-05-08T05:52:20","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.payne.cz\/WP15\/?p=598"},"modified":"2015-06-02T15:27:49","modified_gmt":"2015-06-02T14:27:49","slug":"s-nami-do-evropy","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.payne.cz\/WP15\/s-nami-do-evropy\/","title":{"rendered":"S n\u00e1mi do Evropy?"},"content":{"rendered":"

Ji\u0159\u00ed Payne\u00a014.8.1992<\/span><\/p>\n

P\u0159ed dv\u011bma roky se \u010ceskoslovensko rozhodlo st\u00e1t se \u010dlenem Evropsk\u00fdch spole\u010denstv\u00ed. Co takov\u00e9 rozhodnut\u00ed znamen\u00e1, kdy\u017e m\u00e1me oproti z\u00e1padn\u00ed Evrop\u011b zna\u010dn\u00fd ekonomick\u00fd handicap. V\u00fdhody spojen\u00e9 s \u010dlenstv\u00edm v ES by ur\u010dit\u011b napomohly tomu, abychom jej co nejrychleji p\u0159ekonali. Za n\u011b bychom museli zaplatit t\u00edm, \u017ee v oblastech, kter\u00e9 jsou na ES p\u0159eneseny, nebudeme rozhodovat sami, ale p\u0159ijmeme spole\u010dn\u00e1 rozhodnut\u00ed. Aby v\u0161ak mohl ministr zahrani\u010d\u00ed p\u0159\u00edslu\u0161n\u00e9 kompetence na ES p\u0159en\u00e9st, musel by je nap\u0159ed m\u00edt na feder\u00e1ln\u00ed \u00farovni.<\/p>\n

V Bruselu se ji\u017e v n\u011bkter\u00fdch v\u011bcech nerozhoduje formou konsensu, n\u00fdbr\u017e kvalifikovanou v\u011bt\u0161inou \u010dlensk\u00fdch st\u00e1t\u016f. Budeme muset vystupovat a mluvit jedn\u00edm hlasem a p\u0159i operativn\u00edm rozhodov\u00e1n\u00ed nebude \u010das na projedn\u00e1v\u00e1n\u00ed s republikami. Vl\u00e1da bude muset rychle jednat, aby dok\u00e1zala ulo\u017een\u00e9 \u00fakoly splnit. Po \u0161esti m\u011bs\u00edc\u00edch se toti\u017e kontroluje pln\u011bn\u00ed a nem\u016f\u017ee-li to vl\u00e1da ud\u011blat, nebo neud\u011bl\u00e1-li to v\u010das, je to z\u00e1va\u017en\u00fd probl\u00e9m. K tomu, aby v\u0161e vl\u00e1da mohla ud\u011blat, mus\u00ed m\u00edt dostate\u010dn\u00e9 n\u00e1stroje, jak v z\u00e1konod\u00e1rn\u00e9, tak i v\u00fdkonn\u00e9 oblasti. To by ale znamenalo n\u011bkter\u00e9 z dosud republikov\u00fdch kompetenc\u00ed p\u0159en\u00e9st na feder\u00e1ln\u00ed \u00farove\u0148. V\u016fbec by se u\u017e nedalo vysta\u010dit s kompetencemi, navr\u017een\u00fdmi v Milovsk\u00e9 smlouv\u011b.<\/p>\n

Do Evropy se nevyd\u00e1vaj\u00ed p\u0159ihl\u00e1\u0161ky. Podobn\u011b jako je tomu v mezin\u00e1rodn\u00edm pr\u00e1vu, o \u010dlenstv\u00ed se rozhoduje na z\u00e1klad\u011b m\u00edn\u011bn\u00ed \u010dlensk\u00fdch st\u00e1t\u016f. Dob\u0159e rozvr\u017een\u00e9 kompetence p\u0159i tom mohou b\u00fdt ch\u00e1p\u00e1ny jako projev v\u00e1\u017en\u00e9ho z\u00e1jmu a mohou „vstupenku“ podpo\u0159it. Podobn\u011b m\u016f\u017ee b\u00fdt ch\u00e1p\u00e1na v ES i dobr\u00e1 \u00fastava. Asi by v n\u00ed nesm\u011blo b\u00fdt zakotveno pr\u00e1vo na vystoupen\u00ed z federace, proto\u017ee „t\u011bhotnou zemi“ ES nep\u0159ijme, jejich z\u00e1kony toti\u017e rozd\u011blen\u00ed \u010dlensk\u00e9ho st\u00e1tu v\u016fbec neznaj\u00ed.<\/p>\n

Nutno \u0159\u00edci, \u017ee zat\u00edm z Evropy sp\u00ed\u0161 odch\u00e1z\u00edme, d\u00edky vlekl\u00fdm spor\u016fm o kompetence a \u00fastavu, v nich\u017e si \u010dasto nejsme jisti, zda se jedn\u00e1 o nedostatek informovanosti o principech federalismu, nebo zda se jedn\u00e1 o z\u00e1m\u011br, kter\u00fd nav\u00edc d\u00edky tomu, jak jsou rozhovory prezentov\u00e1ny na ve\u0159ejnosti, m\u016f\u017ee vytvo\u0159it dojem, \u017ee \u010de\u0161t\u00ed politikov\u00e9 neusiluj\u00ed up\u0159\u00edmn\u011b o vy\u0159e\u0161en\u00ed slovensk\u00fdch po\u017eadavk\u016f.<\/p>\n

Mus\u00edme se tedy pt\u00e1t, zda do Evropy chce s \u010ceskou republikou i Slovensko. Premi\u00e9r \u010carnogursk\u00fd p\u0159ece jasn\u011b \u0159ekl, \u017ee do Evropy vstoup\u00ed Slovensko samostatn\u011b, \u017ee federaci chce jen na nezbytn\u011b nutnou dobu. M\u016f\u017eeme na Slovensku naj\u00edt dostate\u010dnou v\u016fli po spole\u010dn\u00e9m st\u00e1t\u011b? Na\u0161e dosavadn\u00ed \u00fastava \u0159\u00edk\u00e1, \u017ee „my, n\u00e1rod \u010desk\u00fd a slovensk\u00fd, vych\u00e1zej\u00edce z pozn\u00e1n\u00ed, \u017ee na\u0161e oboustrann\u00e9 d\u011bjiny jsou prodchnuty oboustrannou v\u016fl\u00ed \u017e\u00edt ve spole\u010dn\u00e9m st\u00e1t\u011b…“, jen\u017ee jsou j\u00ed prodchnuty i d\u011bjiny posledn\u00edch dvou let?<\/p>\n

Pokusme se \u010d\u00edst pe\u010dliv\u011b n\u00e1vrh „z\u00e1kona \u010cNR a SNR o \u0161t\u00e1tnej zmluve“<\/strong><\/em>, jak jej p\u0159edlo\u017eilo KDH na ja\u0159e lo\u0148sk\u00e9ho roku. Na m\u00edsto dosavadn\u00ed procedury na zm\u011bnu kompetenc\u00ed federace \u00fastavn\u00edm z\u00e1konem Feder\u00e1ln\u00edho shrom\u00e1\u017ed\u011bn\u00ed se navrhuje „st\u00e1tn\u00ed smlouva“ „formou spole\u010dn\u00e9ho \u00fastavn\u00edho z\u00e1kona \u010cNR a SNR“<\/em>, kter\u00e1 nabyde platnosti po schv\u00e1len\u00ed „kvalifikovanou v\u011bt\u0161inou pot\u0159ebnou pro schv\u00e1len\u00ed \u00fastavn\u00edho z\u00e1kona“<\/em> a tak se stane „spole\u010dn\u00fdm \u00fastavn\u00edm z\u00e1konem \u010cNR a SNR“<\/em>, tedy „sou\u010d\u00e1st\u00ed \u00dastavy \u010desk\u00e9 republiky a Slovensk\u00e9 republiky“<\/em>. M\u011bla by b\u00fdt „pr\u00e1vn\u00ed normou nejvy\u0161\u0161\u00ed pr\u00e1vn\u00ed s\u00edly v \u010cSFR“<\/em>. Ka\u017ed\u00e1 zm\u011bna smlouvy by m\u011bla potom podl\u00e9hat schv\u00e1len\u00ed ob\u011bma republikov\u00fdmi radami, co\u017e je „v\u00fdrazem origin\u00e1ln\u00ed suverenity \u00fa\u010dastn\u00edk\u016f smlouvy“<\/em>. Na z\u00e1klad\u011b schv\u00e1len\u00e9 st\u00e1tn\u00ed smlouvy a v j\u00ed stanoven\u00e9m rozsahu „p\u0159ijme Feder\u00e1ln\u00ed shrom\u00e1\u017ed\u011bn\u00ed \u00dastavu \u010cSFR“<\/em>, kter\u00e1 „mus\u00ed obsahovat zru\u0161ovac\u00ed ustanoven\u00ed pro v\u0161echny ustanoven\u00ed dosavadn\u00ed \u00fastavy a \u00fastavn\u00edch z\u00e1kon\u016f, kter\u00e9 jsou v rozporu s ustanoven\u00edmi t\u00e9to st\u00e1tn\u00ed smlouvy“<\/em>. P\u0159i tom „jednostrann\u00e9 odstoupen\u00ed od t\u00e9to smlouvy je realizac\u00ed pr\u00e1va n\u00e1rod\u016f na sebeur\u010den\u00ed“<\/em> a znamen\u00e1 „vystoupen\u00ed z \u010cSFR“<\/em>, kter\u00e1 „v takov\u00e9m p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b zanik\u00e1“<\/em>. Tak „oce\u0148uj\u00edce desetilet\u00ed na\u0161eho spole\u010dn\u00e9ho st\u00e1tn\u00edho \u017eivota“<\/em> vyj\u00e1d\u0159\u00edme „pot\u0159ebu \u00fapravy na\u0161eho vz\u00e1jemn\u00e9ho vztahu na p\u0159esn\u011bji vymezen\u00fdch z\u00e1kladech“<\/em>.<\/p>\n

Ano, KDH tehdy skute\u010dn\u011b velmi p\u0159esn\u011b vymezilo, jak si p\u0159edstavuje n\u00e1\u0161 vz\u00e1jemn\u00fd vztah. Republiky by v takov\u00e9m p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b m\u011bly prst na spou\u0161ti \u0161\u00edlen\u00e9ho stroje, kter\u00fd na p\u0159\u00e1n\u00ed zlikviduje \u010ceskoslovensko.<\/p>\n

Ostatn\u011b preambule n\u00e1vrhu smlouvy jasn\u011b \u0159\u00edk\u00e1, \u017ee jmenovan\u00e9 n\u00e1rody programov\u011b deklaruj\u00ed t\u00e9\u017e svou v\u016fli zapojovat se do integra\u010dn\u00edho procesu „s c\u00edlem postupovat k rovnopr\u00e1vn\u00e9 \u00fa\u010dasti sv\u00fdch republik v integra\u010dn\u00edch seskupen\u00edch spole\u010denstv\u00ed evropsk\u00fdch n\u00e1rod\u016f“<\/em>. Patrn\u011b tedy KDH nehodl\u00e1 vyu\u017e\u00edt nab\u00eddky „s n\u00e1mi do Evropy“ b\u00fdval\u00e9ho Ob\u010dansk\u00e9ho f\u00f3ra a p\u016fjde samostatnou cestou. Slovensk\u00fd ministersk\u00fd p\u0159edseda toti\u017e mluv\u00ed dost z\u0159etelnou \u0159e\u010d\u00ed, ale mo\u017en\u00e1 my nedovedeme dost dob\u0159e naslouchat.<\/p>\n

Pokud skute\u010dn\u011b chce Slovensko do Evropy po vlastn\u00ed ose, pro\u010d to ne\u0159eknou jeho p\u0159edstavitel\u00e9 na rovinu hned? Mo\u017en\u00e1, \u017ee jim z\u00e1le\u017e\u00ed na tom, jak na takovou cestu vykro\u010d\u00ed.<\/p>\n

Federaci by bylo mo\u017en\u00e9 rozd\u011blit jednostrann\u00fdm vyhl\u00e1\u0161en\u00edm samostatnosti Slovenska, mo\u017en\u00e1 na z\u00e1klad\u011b referenda, konan\u00e9ho na jeho \u00fazem\u00ed. Zbytek b\u00fdval\u00e9ho st\u00e1tu se potom pom\u011brn\u011b snadno m\u016f\u017ee pova\u017eovat za mezin\u00e1rodn\u011b-pr\u00e1vn\u00edho pokra\u010dovatele \u010ceskoslovenska. V takov\u00e9m p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b by se samostatn\u00e9 Slovensko stalo nov\u00fdm subjektem mezin\u00e1rodn\u00edho pr\u00e1va a muselo by \u017e\u00e1dat o uzn\u00e1n\u00ed. To prakticky prob\u00edh\u00e1 tak, \u017ee st\u00e1ty, kter\u00e9 nov\u00fd st\u00e1t uznaj\u00ed, z\u0159\u00edd\u00ed na jeho \u00fazem\u00ed diplomatickou misi. Takov\u00fd proces m\u016f\u017ee trvat dost dlouhou dobu.<\/p>\n

Pokud by n\u011bkter\u00fd st\u00e1t naopak necht\u011bl uznat \u010ceskou republiku za n\u00e1stupnick\u00fd st\u00e1t, musel by naopak sv\u00e9 diplomatick\u00e9 kontakty p\u0159eru\u0161it a svou misi v Praze uzav\u0159\u00edt. Ale \u010cesk\u00e9 republice by z\u016fstala pov\u011bst hodn\u00e9ho d\u00edtka, kter\u00e9 dodr\u017eelo platnou \u00fastavu, tak\u017ee by se nejsp\u00ed\u0161 s takovou reakc\u00ed nesetkala.<\/p>\n

Hor\u0161\u00ed by to pro \u010ceskou republiku bylo, pokud by federace zanikla (nap\u0159\u00edklad po kon\u00e1n\u00ed referenda na \u00fazem\u00ed cel\u00e9ho st\u00e1tu). Ob\u011b nov\u011b vznikl\u00e9 republiky by byly p\u0159ibli\u017en\u011b ve stejn\u00e9 pozici, i kdy\u017e dobr\u00e9 jm\u00e9no hlavn\u00edho m\u011bsta Prahy by nejsp\u00ed\u0161 sehr\u00e1lo pozitivn\u00ed roli vedle \u0159ady dal\u0161\u00edch aktiv. Uzn\u00e1n\u00ed kontinuity mezi federac\u00ed a \u010ceskou republikou by ale mo\u017en\u00e1 ani v takov\u00e9m p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b nemuselo b\u00fdt vylou\u010deno, zejm\u00e9na kdyby nap\u0159\u00edklad p\u0159ijala za svou \u00fastavn\u00ed listinu z prvn\u00ed republiky.<\/p>\n

Pokud by ale federativn\u00ed uspo\u0159\u00e1d\u00e1n\u00ed m\u011blo postupn\u011b odum\u00edrat p\u0159echodem na jak\u00e9si konfederativn\u00ed uspo\u0159\u00e1d\u00e1n\u00ed, \u0159ekn\u011bme podobn\u00e9 tomu, co navrhlo KDH ve st\u00e1tn\u00ed smlouv\u011b, asi by kontinuitu neobh\u00e1jila ani jedna z republik.<\/p>\n

O tom, \u017ee vedle strastipln\u00e9ho procesu spojen\u00e9ho s rozd\u011blen\u00edm spole\u010dn\u00e9ho st\u00e1tu je \u00fasil\u00ed o mezin\u00e1rodn\u00ed uzn\u00e1n\u00ed p\u0159inejmen\u0161\u00edm stejn\u011b obt\u00ed\u017enou z\u00e1le\u017eitost\u00ed nen\u00ed t\u0159eba pochybovat. Prvn\u00ed republika nap\u0159\u00edklad nesta\u010dila do\u0159e\u0161it v\u0161echny z\u00e1le\u017eitosti spojen\u00e9 s jej\u00edm vznikem ani do za\u010d\u00e1tku druh\u00e9 sv\u011btov\u00e9 v\u00e1lky.<\/p>\n

Lze se dom\u00fd\u0161let, \u017ee premi\u00e9r \u010carnogursk\u00fd by obt\u00ed\u017en\u011b vysv\u011btloval sv\u00fdm voli\u010d\u016fm neblah\u00e9 d\u016fsledky rozd\u011blen\u00ed federace pro Slovensko, pokud by se vedle n\u011bj \u010cesk\u00e1 republika pom\u011brn\u011b rychle m\u011bnila v prosperuj\u00edc\u00ed st\u00e1t d\u00edky v\u00fdhod\u00e1m spojen\u00fdm s jej\u00edm uzn\u00e1n\u00edm za pokra\u010dovatele \u010ceskoslovenska.<\/p>\n

Proto\u017ee v\u0161ak text smlouvy koncipovan\u00fd v Milovech jako z\u00e1konod\u00e1rn\u00e1 iniciativa respektuj\u00edc\u00ed platn\u00fd \u00fastavn\u00ed r\u00e1mec neumo\u017e\u0148uje p\u0159em\u011bnu federace v jak\u00e9si voln\u011bj\u0161\u00ed spojen\u00ed, je pochopiteln\u011b pro KDH (nebo alespo\u0148 jeho \u010d\u00e1st) naprosto nevyhovuj\u00edc\u00ed.<\/p>\n

Ned\u00e1vno zazn\u011bla v po\u0159adu „Co t\u00fdden dal“ ot\u00e1zka, zda by v p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b rozd\u011blen\u00ed st\u00e1tu bylo na Slovensku demokratick\u00e9 z\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed. Nezb\u00fdv\u00e1 mi nic jin\u00e9ho, ne\u017e si p\u0159\u00e1t, bu\u010f aby bylo, nebo abych se m\u00fdlil ve sv\u00fdch \u00favah\u00e1ch.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Ji\u0159\u00ed Payne\u00a014.8.1992 P\u0159ed dv\u011bma roky se \u010ceskoslovensko rozhodlo st\u00e1t se \u010dlenem Evropsk\u00fdch spole\u010denstv\u00ed. Co takov\u00e9 rozhodnut\u00ed znamen\u00e1, kdy\u017e m\u00e1me oproti z\u00e1padn\u00ed Evrop\u011b zna\u010dn\u00fd ekonomick\u00fd handicap. V\u00fdhody spojen\u00e9 s \u010dlenstv\u00edm v… \u010c\u00edst v\u00edce ><\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"ngg_post_thumbnail":0,"_monsterinsights_skip_tracking":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_active":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_note":"","_monsterinsights_sitenote_category":0,"footnotes":""},"categories":[13,1,9],"tags":[6,5],"class_list":["post-598","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-dompol","category-nezarazene","category-zahrpol","tag-dompol","tag-zahrpol"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.payne.cz\/WP15\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/598","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.payne.cz\/WP15\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.payne.cz\/WP15\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.payne.cz\/WP15\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.payne.cz\/WP15\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=598"}],"version-history":[{"count":3,"href":"https:\/\/www.payne.cz\/WP15\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/598\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":827,"href":"https:\/\/www.payne.cz\/WP15\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/598\/revisions\/827"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.payne.cz\/WP15\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=598"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.payne.cz\/WP15\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=598"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.payne.cz\/WP15\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=598"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}