{"id":454,"date":"2015-05-03T20:02:44","date_gmt":"2015-05-03T19:02:44","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.payne.cz\/WP15\/?p=454"},"modified":"2015-05-04T09:20:30","modified_gmt":"2015-05-04T08:20:30","slug":"slusne-chovani-na-siti","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.payne.cz\/WP15\/slusne-chovani-na-siti\/","title":{"rendered":"Slu\u0161n\u00e9 chov\u00e1n\u00ed na s\u00edti"},"content":{"rendered":"

Ji\u0159\u00ed Payne\u00a026.11.2012<\/span><\/p>\n

Roz\u0161\u00ed\u0159en\u00ed dostupn\u00e9ho a v\u00a0n\u011bkter\u00fdch zem\u00edch krom\u011b \u010cesk\u00e9 republiky i levn\u00e9ho Internetu do mobil\u016f p\u0159in\u00e1\u0161\u00ed i do politiky zm\u011bny, o kter\u00fdch jsme doposud nem\u011bli tu\u0161en\u00ed. Kritick\u00fd postoj k\u00a0presidentu Mu Bar\u00e1kovi sd\u00edlen\u00fd p\u0159es mobily na Facebooku uvedl v\u00a0Egypt\u011b do pohybu statis\u00edce lid\u00ed a zp\u016fsobil nakonec p\u00e1d stabiln\u00edho politick\u00e9ho re\u017eimu podporovan\u00e9ho ze zahrani\u010d\u00ed. Pro\u010d k\u00a0tomu nedo\u0161lo d\u0159\u00edv? Dom\u00e1c\u00ed po\u010d\u00edta\u010d je pro pr\u016fm\u011brn\u00e9ho Egyp\u0165ana st\u00e1le nedostupnou investic\u00ed, ale k\u00a0mobilu s\u00a0Internetem se dostal a\u017e ned\u00e1vno. U n\u00e1s p\u0159ed n\u011bkolika lety p\u0159ekvapilo h\u00e1zen\u00ed vaj\u00ed\u010dek uveden\u00e9 do pohybu v\u00fdzvou na soci\u00e1ln\u00ed s\u00edti. Ukazuje se, \u017ee modern\u00ed komunikace umo\u017e\u0148uje sd\u00edlet zejm\u00e9na negativn\u00ed emoce rychleji, ne\u017e jsme tu\u0161ili.<\/p>\n

Nen\u00ed divu, \u017ee komunikace prob\u00edhaj\u00edc\u00ed ve vte\u0159in\u00e1ch a minut\u00e1ch naru\u0161uje demokratick\u00e9 z\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed, kter\u00e9 bylo vytvo\u0159eno pro novinovou komunikaci mezi ob\u010danem a politikem. Parlamentn\u00ed procedury byly z\u00e1m\u011brn\u011b zpomalov\u00e1ny v\u00a0jednac\u00edch \u0159\u00e1dech, aby bylo dost \u010dasu jak\u00fdkoli n\u00e1vrh projednat s\u00a0voli\u010di. Pokud se vyskytnul probl\u00e9m, byl druh\u00fd den v\u00a0novin\u00e1ch a za dva dny se k\u00a0n\u011bmu rozpoutala diskuse. Za dal\u0161\u00ed jeden a\u017e dva dny se dalo \u010dekat reakce na prvn\u00ed diskusn\u00ed p\u0159\u00edsp\u011bvky. To se mohlo n\u011bkolikr\u00e1t opakovat. Politikov\u00e9 mezit\u00edm mohli sv\u00e9 my\u0161lenky \u0161\u00ed\u0159it, vysv\u011btlovat a obhajovat. Diskuse kon\u010dila po n\u011bkolika t\u00fddnech, co\u017e se odr\u00e1\u017eelo ve lh\u016ft\u00e1ch pro parlamentn\u00ed jedn\u00e1n\u00ed.<\/p>\n

V\u00a0dne\u0161n\u00ed dob\u011b prob\u00edh\u00e1 vedle t\u00e9to tradi\u010dn\u011b pomal\u00e9 diskuse jin\u00e1, horizont\u00e1ln\u00ed komunikace mezi internetov\u00fdmi voli\u010di, kter\u00e1 je tis\u00edcin\u00e1sobn\u011b rychlej\u0161\u00ed. Politik\u016fm se na jedn\u00e9 stran\u011b otev\u00edr\u00e1 nov\u00fd prostor pro komunikaci, na druh\u00e9 stran\u011b mohou poci\u0165ovat \u017eivelnost soci\u00e1ln\u00edch s\u00edt\u00ed za ohro\u017een\u00ed. Spole\u010dnost se bude pravd\u011bpodobn\u011b d\u011blit na rychle a pomalu komunikuj\u00edc\u00ed ob\u010dany, p\u0159i\u010dem\u017e rozd\u011blen\u00ed bude nad\u0159azeno sympati\u00edm v\u016f\u010di politick\u00fdm stran\u00e1m. Jakoby se ka\u017ed\u00fd politick\u00fd sm\u011br rozd\u011blil na dv\u011b obt\u00ed\u017en\u011b propojiteln\u00e9 frakce. D\u00e1 se \u010dekat, \u017ee se za\u010dnou li\u0161it i v politick\u00fdch d\u016frazech.<\/p>\n

Star\u00fd parlamentn\u00ed syst\u00e9m nov\u00fdm podm\u00ednk\u00e1m nesta\u010d\u00ed. Politikov\u00e9 navzdory mo\u017enostem rychl\u00e9 komunikace hlas\u016fm sv\u00fdch voli\u010d\u016f naslouchaj\u00ed st\u00e1le m\u00e9n\u011b. Pokud k\u00a0nim n\u011bjak\u00e9 hlasy dolehnou, nedok\u00e1\u017e\u00ed je v\u00a0z\u00e1plav\u011b informac\u00ed spr\u00e1vn\u011b vyhodnotit. Nedok\u00e1\u017e\u00ed odli\u0161it vliv organizovan\u00fdch z\u00e1jmov\u00fdch skupin od spont\u00e1nn\u00edch reakc\u00ed jednotlivc\u016f. Jejich komunikace se hrout\u00ed ve chv\u00edli, kdy jim voli\u010di prost\u0159ednictv\u00edm SMS za\u010dnou sd\u011blovat, co si mysl\u00ed. M\u00edsto, aby komunikovali, utajuj\u00ed sv\u00e1 telefonn\u00ed \u010d\u00edsla.<\/p>\n

Nep\u0159ekvapuje, \u017ee se st\u00e1tn\u00ed moc nez\u0159\u00eddka pokou\u0161\u00ed elektronickou komunikaci p\u0159inejmen\u0161\u00edm zaznamen\u00e1vat, odposlouch\u00e1vat a pokud mo\u017eno regulovat.\u00a0 Objevuj\u00ed se pokusy legalizovat internetovou cenzuru. Tomu se br\u00e1n\u00ed zast\u00e1nci svobody, kte\u0159\u00ed intuitivn\u011b tu\u0161\u00ed, \u017ee boj o svobodu na Internetu bude kl\u00ed\u010dov\u00fdm z\u00e1pasem, kter\u00fd poznamen\u00e1 cel\u00e9 toto stolet\u00ed. Stane\u2011li se Internet komunika\u010dn\u00edm prost\u0159ed\u00edm pro n\u011bjak\u00fd nov\u00fd typ demokracie, otev\u00edr\u00e1 jak\u00e1koli jeho cenzura br\u00e1ny k\u00a0totalit\u011b. Sedmdes\u00e1t let star\u00e9 katalogy lidsk\u00fdch pr\u00e1v samoz\u0159ejm\u011b nov\u00fdm podm\u00ednk\u00e1m nesta\u010d\u00ed. \u00dastavn\u00ed ochrana listovn\u00edho tajemstv\u00ed nad dopisem v\u00a0zalepen\u00e9 pap\u00edrov\u00e9 ob\u00e1lce jaksi nesta\u010d\u00ed na datov\u00e9 pakety bloumaj\u00edc\u00ed po s\u00edti. Nebude-li velmi rychle do katalogu lidsk\u00fdch pr\u00e1v za\u0159azeno pr\u00e1vo na svobodnou elektronickou komunikaci bez st\u00e1tn\u00edho dohledu, bude nesnadn\u00e9 svobodu internetov\u00e9ho projevu udr\u017eet.<\/p>\n

Zkusme se pro inspiraci zamyslet nad dobou, kdy se vedle ko\u0148sk\u00e9 dopravy za\u010daly na cest\u00e1ch objevovat automobily. Pr\u00fd tehdy platilo, \u017ee p\u0159ed ka\u017ed\u00fdm autem mus\u00ed b\u011b\u017eec s\u00a0praporkem hlasit\u00fdm vol\u00e1n\u00edm upozor\u0148ovat, \u017ee pojede automobil. Tehdy neexistovaly \u017e\u00e1dn\u00e9 dopravn\u00ed p\u0159edpisy, nebyla dopravn\u00ed policie, neexistovaly soudy schopn\u00e9 rozhodovat v\u00a0p\u0159\u00edpadech nehod, nebyli soudn\u00ed znalci, nebyly ani zpevn\u011bn\u00e9 silnice. Samoz\u0159ejm\u011b nemohla existovat ani etika chov\u00e1n\u00ed za volantem. Dnes m\u00e1me pom\u011brn\u011b jasno, jak se pozn\u00e1 hulv\u00e1t za volantem.<\/p>\n

Ocit\u00e1me se st\u00e1le je\u0161t\u011b na po\u010d\u00e1tku \u00e9ry elektronick\u00e9ho sd\u00edlen\u00ed informac\u00ed. Nem\u00e1me zat\u00edm ani nepsan\u00e1, ani zvykov\u00e1 pravidla slu\u0161n\u00e9 komunikace. Letm\u00fd pohled na n\u011bkter\u00e9 diskuse ukazuje mravn\u00ed \u00farove\u0148 t\u011bch, kdo obsadili voln\u00fd komunika\u010dn\u00ed prostor. Ti, kdo by si p\u0159\u00e1li norm\u00e1ln\u00ed podm\u00ednky pro v\u011bcnou diskusi, se rozpa\u010dit\u011b zdr\u00e1haj\u00ed sout\u011b\u017eit s\u00a0vulg\u00e1rn\u00edmi diskut\u00e9ry. Diskusi a argumentaci vytla\u010duje sd\u00edlen\u00ed pocit\u016f. Pokusy o legislativn\u00ed regulaci Internetu nepostihuj\u00ed zlo\u010dince, ale pouze slu\u0161n\u00e9 lidi. V\u0161echny legislativn\u00ed n\u00e1vrhy usiluj\u00ed o uz\u00e1kon\u011bn\u00ed mor\u00e1lky, co\u017e je, jak zn\u00e1mo, neprovediteln\u00e9. Ale je docela pravd\u011bpodobn\u00e9, \u017ee bude existovat docela p\u0159esn\u00e9 zvykov\u00e9 pr\u00e1vo reguluj\u00edc\u00ed slu\u0161n\u00e9 chov\u00e1n\u00ed na s\u00edti.<\/p>\n

P\u0159ed dvaceti lety bylo za\u017eit\u00fdm zvykov\u00fdm pr\u00e1vem, \u017ee anonymn\u00ed dopis nikdo nebere s\u00a0plnou v\u00e1\u017enost\u00ed a v\u011bt\u0161inou jsme je bez \u010dten\u00ed vyhazovali do ko\u0161e. M\u011bli bychom snad nyn\u00ed na Internetu br\u00e1t v\u00e1\u017en\u011b odstave\u010dky od anonymn\u00edch autor\u016f a m\u011bli bychom s nimi polemizovat?<\/p>\n

Anonymn\u00ed prost\u0159ed\u00ed d\u00e1v\u00e1 prostor n\u011b\u010demu, co se podob\u00e1 davov\u00e9 psych\u00f3ze. Internetov\u00fd \u201abrouzdal\u2018 se p\u0159ipoj\u00ed i k\u00a0my\u0161lenk\u00e1m, ke kter\u00fdm by se jinak ve\u0159ejn\u011b nikdy nep\u0159iznal. \u010c\u00edm v\u00edce se jich p\u0159id\u00e1v\u00e1, t\u00edm v\u00edce p\u0159ib\u00fdv\u00e1 dal\u0161\u00edch. Takov\u00e9 s\u00edly mohou demokratick\u00fd syst\u00e9m zcela zlikvidovat. Samostatn\u00e9 nez\u00e1visl\u00e9 uva\u017eov\u00e1n\u00ed je stejn\u011b vz\u00e1cn\u00e9, jako bylo p\u0159ed sto lety, jenom je zaplaveno mnohem v\u011bt\u0161\u00edm objemem bezobsa\u017en\u00fdch informac\u00ed. Proto se navzdory st\u00e1le dokonalej\u0161\u00edm vyhled\u00e1va\u010d\u016fm samostatn\u00e9 my\u0161len\u00ed tak t\u011b\u017eko hled\u00e1. Objevuj\u00ed se pokusy s\u00a0p\u0159im\u011b\u0159enou v\u011brohodnost\u00ed identifikovat jednotliv\u00e9ho \u010dlov\u011bka na Internetu, pokud chce. Zat\u00edm nem\u00e1me ve zvyku automaticky mazat anonymn\u00ed p\u0159\u00edsp\u011bvky, ale je mo\u017en\u00e9, \u017ee se \u010dasem odd\u011bl\u00ed anonymn\u00ed v\u00fdk\u0159iky od hlasu t\u011bch, kdo se neboj\u00ed podepsat.<\/p>\n

Hl\u00e1s\u00edm se k\u00a0tomu, \u017ee by svoboda elektronick\u00e9 komunikace m\u011bla b\u00fdt \u00fastavn\u011b chr\u00e1n\u011bna jako z\u00e1kladn\u00ed lidsk\u00e9 pr\u00e1vo. Mus\u00ed b\u00fdt chr\u00e1n\u011bna p\u0159edev\u0161\u00edm p\u0159ed dot\u011brnost\u00ed st\u00e1tu, kter\u00fd nejv\u00edce ohro\u017euje lidsk\u00e1 pr\u00e1va. Zat\u00edmco \u017e\u00e1dnou pr\u00e1vn\u00ed regulaci svobodn\u00e9ho projevu na Internetu nepot\u0159ebujeme, nal\u00e9hav\u011b pot\u0159ebujeme zvykov\u00e9 mor\u00e1ln\u00ed z\u00e1sady slu\u0161n\u00e9ho chov\u00e1n\u00ed v\u00a0po\u010d\u00edta\u010dov\u00fdch s\u00edt\u00edch, kter\u00e9 by slu\u0161n\u00e9 lidi chr\u00e1nily proti hulv\u00e1t\u016fm.<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Ji\u0159\u00ed Payne\u00a026.11.2012 Roz\u0161\u00ed\u0159en\u00ed dostupn\u00e9ho a v\u00a0n\u011bkter\u00fdch zem\u00edch krom\u011b \u010cesk\u00e9 republiky i levn\u00e9ho Internetu do mobil\u016f p\u0159in\u00e1\u0161\u00ed i do politiky zm\u011bny, o kter\u00fdch jsme doposud nem\u011bli tu\u0161en\u00ed. Kritick\u00fd postoj k\u00a0presidentu Mu… \u010c\u00edst v\u00edce ><\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"ngg_post_thumbnail":0,"_monsterinsights_skip_tracking":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[3,13],"tags":[6],"class_list":["post-454","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-clanky","category-dompol","tag-dompol"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.payne.cz\/WP15\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/454","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.payne.cz\/WP15\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.payne.cz\/WP15\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.payne.cz\/WP15\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.payne.cz\/WP15\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=454"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/www.payne.cz\/WP15\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/454\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":455,"href":"https:\/\/www.payne.cz\/WP15\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/454\/revisions\/455"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.payne.cz\/WP15\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=454"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.payne.cz\/WP15\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=454"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.payne.cz\/WP15\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=454"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}