{"id":450,"date":"2015-05-03T19:57:13","date_gmt":"2015-05-03T18:57:13","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.payne.cz\/WP15\/?p=450"},"modified":"2015-05-04T09:21:06","modified_gmt":"2015-05-04T08:21:06","slug":"potrebujeme-skutecne-strany","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.payne.cz\/WP15\/potrebujeme-skutecne-strany\/","title":{"rendered":"Pot\u0159ebujeme skute\u010dn\u00e9 strany"},"content":{"rendered":"

Ji\u0159\u00ed Payne10. 4. 2013<\/span><\/p>\n

\u010c\u00edm se od sebe li\u0161\u00ed politick\u00e9 strany? Prvn\u00edm krit\u00e9riem je politick\u00e1 filozofie a programov\u00e9 c\u00edle, druh\u00fdm pak postup, taktika \u010di strategie, jak c\u00edl\u016f dos\u00e1hnout. N\u011bkter\u00e9 strany maj\u00ed kr\u00e1sn\u00e9 c\u00edle, ale nevad\u00ed jim korupce p\u0159i jejich realizaci, jin\u00e9 strany mohou m\u00edt stejn\u00e9 c\u00edle, ale li\u0161\u00ed se revolu\u010dn\u00edm \u010di evolu\u010dn\u00edm p\u0159\u00edstupem. N\u011bkter\u00e9 strany svou filozofii i c\u00edle m\u011bn\u00ed, n\u011bkter\u00e9 jsou v\u011brn\u00e9 sv\u00e9mu vyzn\u00e1n\u00ed, jin\u00e9 ani filozofii nemaj\u00ed a sleduj\u00ed jen \u201ep\u011btilet\u00fd pl\u00e1n\u201c na \u010dty\u0159i roky. Od toho se odvozuje d\u016fv\u011bryhodnost stran pro voli\u010de.<\/p>\n

Zejm\u00e9na p\u0159i pom\u011brn\u00e9m volebn\u00edm syst\u00e9mu jsou b\u011b\u017en\u00e9 povolebn\u00ed koalice. N\u011bkdy je to nutnost, n\u011bkdy pragmatick\u00fd kompromis. Povolebn\u00ed jedn\u00e1n\u00ed o koalici jsou pro ka\u017edou politickou stranu maturitou. Teorie koalic \u0159\u00edk\u00e1, \u017ee stabiln\u00ed jsou ty vl\u00e1dy, kter\u00e9 se op\u00edraj\u00ed o nejmen\u0161\u00ed mo\u017enou v\u011bt\u0161inu sestavenou ze souvisl\u00e9 \u010d\u00e1sti politick\u00e9ho spektra. Nedodr\u017een\u00ed t\u00e9to z\u00e1sady vede ke \u0161t\u011bpen\u00ed koalice i stran, kter\u00e9 ji uzav\u0159ely. Koalice s\u00a0nadbyte\u010dnou podporou jsou nestabiln\u00ed \u2013 jako sou\u010dasn\u00e1 vl\u00e1da. Nejstabiln\u011bj\u0161\u00ed je v\u011bt\u0161ina jednoho hlasu. Maturitu slo\u017e\u00ed ta strana, kter\u00e1 vstoup\u00ed do koalice a po dobu volebn\u00edho obdob\u00ed se nerozpadne (\u010d\u00edm\u017e z\u016fstane zachov\u00e1na i koalice). Povolebn\u00ed koalice zkr\u00e1tka maj\u00ed za ur\u010dit\u00fdch okolnost\u00ed smysl.<\/p>\n

V\u00a0\u010desk\u00e9 politice se ov\u0161em uhn\u00edzdila praxe p\u0159edvolebn\u00edch koalic. Od\u016fvodn\u011bn\u00ed m\u011bla snad v\u00a0dob\u011b po politick\u00e9m p\u0159evratu, dnes u\u017e ale smysl ned\u00e1v\u00e1. Pokud maj\u00ed strany stejnou politickou filozofii a cht\u011bj\u00ed dosahovat c\u00edl\u016f stejn\u00fdm zp\u016fsobem, pro\u010d se neslou\u010d\u00ed? Svou existenc\u00ed zbyte\u010dn\u011b t\u0159\u00ed\u0161t\u00ed politick\u00e9 spektrum. Kdy\u017e se zept\u00e1te p\u0159edvolebn\u00ed koalice, pro\u010d se strany neslou\u010dily, budou se vymlouvat, \u017ee maj\u00ed na n\u011bkter\u00e9 v\u011bci r\u016fzn\u00fd n\u00e1zor. P\u0159edvolebn\u00ed koalice jsou ale jednou z\u00a0p\u0159\u00ed\u010din nev\u011brohodnosti \u010desk\u00e9 politiky. Co \u0159\u00edkaj\u00ed voli\u010d\u016fm?<\/p>\n

Zaprv\u00e9, asi n\u011bkdo netrp\u011bliv\u011b pot\u0159ebuje mand\u00e1t, ani\u017e by si to odpracoval. V\u00a0zastupitelsk\u00e9 demokracii mus\u00ed m\u00edt politik nap\u0159ed podporu voli\u010d\u016f a a\u017e pak je m\u016f\u017ee reprezentovat v\u00a0parlamentu. P\u0159edvolebn\u00ed koalici jde o k\u0159esla, nebo o program? Jde j\u00ed o moc, nebo o zastupov\u00e1n\u00ed voli\u010d\u016f? Kdy\u017e nikoho nezastupuje, jak m\u016f\u017ee vykon\u00e1vat mand\u00e1t? Zalo\u017eit skute\u010dnou stranu trv\u00e1 obvykle deset let. Za\u00a0tu dobu si vybere a p\u0159iprav\u00ed sv\u00e9 politiky. P\u0159edvolebn\u00ed koalice vych\u00e1zej\u00ed z\u00a0opa\u010dn\u00e9 p\u0159edstavy: nap\u0159ed z\u00edskat mand\u00e1t, a\u017e pak se za\u010dne vym\u00fd\u0161let politika. A kdy\u017e se zviditeln\u00ed, tak se snad nakonec najdou i voli\u010di.<\/p>\n

Zadruh\u00e9, p\u0159edvolebn\u00ed koalice deklaruje, \u017ee na programu nez\u00e1le\u017e\u00ed; stejn\u011b m\u00e1 v\u00a0\u00famyslu d\u011blat si, co chce, bez ohledu na voli\u010de. Politick\u00fd program nen\u00ed seznam \u00fakol\u016f, mezi nimi\u017e by se dal naj\u00edt pr\u016fnik nebo spole\u010dn\u00fd jmenovatel, je to zp\u016fsob uva\u017eov\u00e1n\u00ed o politice. Politika se ned\u00e1 matematicky modelovat, ale kdyby platilo, \u017ee v\u011brohodnost strany se d\u00e1 vyj\u00e1d\u0159it koeficientem pravd\u011bpodobnosti, pak u koalice dvou stran se pravd\u011bpodobnost n\u00e1sob\u00ed, tak\u017ee v\u011brohodnost koalice je v\u017edy men\u0161\u00ed ne\u017e v\u011brohodnost ka\u017ed\u00e9ho \u010dlena. Jinak \u0159e\u010deno: pro voli\u010de je jedinou z\u00e1rukou filozofick\u00e9 zakotven\u00ed strany. P\u0159edvolebn\u00ed koalice \u017e\u00e1dn\u00e9 zakotven\u00ed m\u00edt nem\u016f\u017ee.<\/p>\n

Zat\u0159et\u00ed, volebn\u00ed z\u00e1kon stanov\u00ed pro koalice zv\u00fd\u0161en\u00e9 kvorum. N\u011bkter\u00e9 strany se ho pokou\u0161ej\u00ed obej\u00edt t\u00edm, \u017ee vytvo\u0159\u00ed fiktivn\u00ed volebn\u00ed seskupen\u00ed, tak\u017ee pro n\u011b navenek plat\u00ed b\u011b\u017en\u00e1 hranice jako pro jednu stranu, ale jedna strana to nen\u00ed. Kdy\u017e takov\u00ed politikov\u00e9 cht\u011bj\u00ed voli\u010de nap\u00e1lit u\u017e p\u0159ed volbami, bylo by naivn\u00ed p\u0159edpokl\u00e1dat, \u017ee po volb\u00e1ch se (v\u00a0p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b \u00fasp\u011bchu) budou chovat mravn\u011bji. P\u0159edvolebn\u00ed koalice je podvod na voli\u010d\u00edch.<\/p>\n

M\u00e1te, \u0159ekn\u011bme, \u010d\u00edslo na dva kamar\u00e1dy. Napadlo by v\u00e1s, \u017ee kdy\u017e vyto\u010d\u00edte pr\u016fm\u011br z obou telefonn\u00edch \u010d\u00edsel, \u017ee se l\u00e9pe dovol\u00e1te ob\u011bma? Kdy\u017e d\u00e1 voli\u010d hlas p\u0159edvolebn\u00ed koalici, dos\u00e1hne stejn\u00e9ho v\u00fdsledku. Ud\u011blal by l\u00e9pe, kdyby k\u00a0volb\u00e1m ne\u0161el.<\/p>\n

\u010cesk\u00e1 politika pot\u0159ebuje v\u011brohodnost a stabilitu. P\u0159edvolebn\u00ed koalice k\u00a0nim ale nevedou. Jsou selh\u00e1n\u00edm politick\u00fdch stran, p\u0159izn\u00e1n\u00edm, \u017ee z\u00fa\u010dastn\u011bn\u00e9 strany jsou zbyte\u010dn\u00e9, \u017ee nemaj\u00ed d\u016fvod d\u00e1l existovat.<\/p>\n

Strana, kter\u00e1 roste a vyv\u00edj\u00ed se, m\u00e1 jasn\u00fd ideov\u00fd p\u016fdorys, koalice nepot\u0159ebuje. Pot\u0159ebuje \u010das na studium, na p\u0159\u00edpravu sv\u00fdch politik\u016f. Politika je b\u011bh na dlouhou tra\u0165 \u2013 mus\u00ed uva\u017eovat v\u00a0perspektiv\u011b desetilet\u00ed. P\u0159\u00edprava politik\u016f je jedn\u00edm z\u00a0kl\u00ed\u010dov\u00fdch \u00fakol\u016f strany. Vybavit sv\u00e9 kandid\u00e1ty znalostmi a zku\u0161enostmi, upevnit vnit\u0159n\u00ed z\u00e1sady, kter\u00e9 ani v\u00a0politice nelze p\u0159ekro\u010dit, a ov\u011b\u0159it si smysl pro f\u00e9rovou hru trv\u00e1 p\u011bt a\u017e \u0161est let. Co se kandid\u00e1t nenau\u010d\u00ed p\u0159ed vstupem do politiky, na to u\u017e pak nebude m\u00edt \u010das. A nejsp\u00ed\u0161 ani v\u016fli a pokoru.<\/p>\n

Skute\u010dn\u00e9 strany, kter\u00e9 p\u0159em\u00fd\u0161lej\u00ed na des\u00edtky let dop\u0159edu, neuzav\u00edraj\u00ed p\u0159edvolebn\u00ed koalice.<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Ji\u0159\u00ed Payne10. 4. 2013 \u010c\u00edm se od sebe li\u0161\u00ed politick\u00e9 strany? Prvn\u00edm krit\u00e9riem je politick\u00e1 filozofie a programov\u00e9 c\u00edle, druh\u00fdm pak postup, taktika \u010di strategie, jak c\u00edl\u016f dos\u00e1hnout. N\u011bkter\u00e9 strany… \u010c\u00edst v\u00edce ><\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"ngg_post_thumbnail":0,"_monsterinsights_skip_tracking":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_active":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_note":"","_monsterinsights_sitenote_category":0,"footnotes":""},"categories":[3,13,16],"tags":[6,18],"class_list":["post-450","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-clanky","category-dompol","category-svobodni","tag-dompol","tag-svobodi"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.payne.cz\/WP15\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/450","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.payne.cz\/WP15\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.payne.cz\/WP15\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.payne.cz\/WP15\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.payne.cz\/WP15\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=450"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/www.payne.cz\/WP15\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/450\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":451,"href":"https:\/\/www.payne.cz\/WP15\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/450\/revisions\/451"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.payne.cz\/WP15\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=450"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.payne.cz\/WP15\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=450"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.payne.cz\/WP15\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=450"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}