{"id":441,"date":"2015-05-03T19:47:24","date_gmt":"2015-05-03T18:47:24","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.payne.cz\/WP15\/?p=441"},"modified":"2015-05-04T09:23:20","modified_gmt":"2015-05-04T08:23:20","slug":"leaving","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.payne.cz\/WP15\/leaving\/","title":{"rendered":"Leaving"},"content":{"rendered":"

\u00a0Ji\u0159\u00ed Payne 3.3.2013<\/span><\/p>\n

Podle \u010desk\u00e9ho zvyku odch\u00e1zej\u00edc\u00ed politiky medi\u00e1ln\u011b popravujeme. D\u00e9monizujeme si je z\u00a0obavy, \u017ee by o n\u00e1s mohli z\u00a0politick\u00e9ho z\u00e1hrob\u00ed vyslovit n\u011bjakou pravdu, \u017ee by mohli polemizovat s\u00a0t\u011bmi, kdo p\u0159i\u0161li na jejich m\u00edsto. Odch\u00e1zej\u00edc\u00ed politik nemus\u00ed vyva\u017eovat r\u016fzn\u00e9 z\u00e1jmy, m\u016f\u017ee mluvit otev\u0159en\u011b. V demokratick\u00fdch zem\u00edch proto b\u00fdv\u00e1 pro m\u00e9dia nav\u00fdsost zaj\u00edmav\u00fd. U n\u00e1s, pr\u00fd od dob ministra Rudolfa Bar\u00e1ka, je ka\u017ed\u00fd b\u00fdval\u00fd politik nebezpe\u010dn\u00fd. Popravy odch\u00e1zej\u00edc\u00edch politik\u016f se d\u011bj\u00ed uvnit\u0159 politick\u00fdch stran, v\u00a0m\u00e9di\u00edch i v\u00a0o\u010d\u00edch ve\u0159ejnosti. Je-li to alespo\u0148 trochu mo\u017en\u00e9, je b\u00fdval\u00fd politik uv\u011bzn\u011bn. Pak ov\u0161em nem\u00e1me na koho navazovat a st\u00e1le za\u010d\u00edn\u00e1me od nuly. Likvidace b\u00fdval\u00fdch politik\u016f m\u00edv\u00e1 podobu s\u00a0vol\u00e1n\u00ed po nov\u00fdch tv\u00e1\u0159\u00edch. Ti, kdo b\u00fdval\u00e9 politiky \u201apopravuj\u00ed\u2018, pak maj\u00ed strach, \u017ee budou tak\u00e9 \u201apopraveni\u2018, a tak se k\u0159e\u010dovit\u011b dr\u017e\u00ed funkce, dokud to jde. Stejn\u011b \u201apoprav\u011b\u2018 neujdou. Je to praxe hloup\u00e1, ale hluboce zako\u0159en\u011bn\u00e1.<\/p>\n

Likvidace b\u00fdval\u00fdch politik\u016f koresponduje s\u00a0konceptem \u201anefilosofick\u00e9 politiky\u2018. Co to znamen\u00e1? Norm\u00e1ln\u00ed politika spo\u010d\u00edv\u00e1 na svobodn\u00e9 sout\u011b\u017ei politick\u00fdch filosofi\u00ed. Zat\u00edmco mnoho rozhodnut\u00ed ve ve\u0159ejn\u00e9 spr\u00e1v\u011b m\u016f\u017ee podle p\u0159edpis\u016f ud\u011blat odborn\u00edk nebo \u00fa\u0159edn\u00edk a politik mu do toho nikdy nesm\u00ed zasahovat, jsou jin\u00e1 rozhodnut\u00ed, kde nen\u00ed \u017e\u00e1dn\u00e9 krit\u00e9rium ani p\u0159edpisy pro \u00fa\u0159edn\u00edka \u010di odborn\u00edka. Nen\u00ed jak zvolit jednu z\u00a0tis\u00edc\u016f variant. (Proto je tak hloup\u00e9 cht\u00edt vl\u00e1du odborn\u00edk\u016f.) Pokud se ale omez\u00edme na jednu konkr\u00e9tn\u00ed politickou filosofii, ot\u00e1zka jednozna\u010dn\u00e9 \u0159e\u0161en\u00ed m\u00e1, z\u00a0mnoha alternativ lze vybrat nejlep\u0161\u00ed. (N\u011bkde se relevantn\u00ed politick\u00e9 sm\u011bry shodnou na spole\u010dn\u00e9m jmenovateli, kter\u00e9mu se pak \u0159\u00edk\u00e1 n\u00e1rodn\u00ed z\u00e1jem.)<\/p>\n

O tom, kter\u00e1 politick\u00e1 filosofie dostane p\u0159ednost, se rozhoduje ve volb\u00e1ch. Aby volby m\u011bly smysl, vol\u00ed se politick\u00e1 filosofie, nikoli j\u00edzdn\u00ed \u0159\u00e1d \u010di p\u011btilet\u00fd pl\u00e1n. V\u00a0takov\u00e9m syst\u00e9mu nen\u00ed d\u016fvod b\u00fdval\u00e9 politiky popravovat, naopak je pot\u0159ebujeme ke ka\u017edodenn\u00ed\u00a0interpretaci ve\u0159ejn\u00e9ho d\u011bn\u00ed. Od b\u00fdval\u00fdch politik\u016f se u\u010d\u00ed ti za\u010d\u00ednaj\u00edc\u00ed.<\/p>\n

V\u00a0roce 1989 skon\u010dil syst\u00e9m komunistick\u00e9 nepolitick\u00e9 politiky, ve kter\u00e9m volby neznamenaly hled\u00e1n\u00ed nejlep\u0161\u00ed politick\u00e9 filosofie, proto\u017ee vedouc\u00ed \u00faloha komunistick\u00e9 strany jakoukoli volbu znemo\u017e\u0148ovala. Jedn\u00edm z\u00a0v\u00e1\u0161niv\u00fdch p\u0159\u00e1n\u00ed Karla Marxe bylo zlikvidovat svobodnou sout\u011b\u017e politick\u00fdch filosofi\u00ed t\u00edm, \u017ee p\u0159edstavil sv\u016fdn\u00e9 poku\u0161en\u00ed experimentovat na lidech. Utopick\u00e9 vize a soci\u00e1ln\u00ed in\u017een\u00fdrstv\u00ed zp\u016fsobily nesm\u00edrn\u00e9 \u0161kody. Marxistick\u00e1 poku\u0161en\u00ed ale po listopadu neskon\u010dila. Prom\u011bnila se ve sn\u011bn\u00ed o t\u0159et\u00edch cest\u00e1ch v\u010detn\u011b komunism\u016f s\u00a0lidskou tv\u00e1\u0159\u00ed, o existenci\u00e1ln\u00edch revoluc\u00edch, o vl\u00e1d\u00e1ch odborn\u00edk\u016f. P\u0159evt\u011blila se do bruselsk\u00e9ho syst\u00e9mu, kter\u00fd tvrd\u00ed, \u017ee nen\u00ed nutn\u00e1 politick\u00e1 opozice. Teprve zvolen\u00ed V\u00e1clava Klause do \u010dela Ob\u010dansk\u00e9ho f\u00f3ra znamenalo vykro\u010den\u00ed k\u00a0norm\u00e1ln\u00ed parlamentn\u00ed demokracii zalo\u017een\u00e9 na svobodn\u00e9 sout\u011b\u017ei politick\u00fdch koncept\u016f.<\/p>\n

Postoj V\u00e1clava Klause byl jednozna\u010dn\u00fd od konce \u0161edes\u00e1t\u00fdch let. Polemizoval s\u00a0p\u0159edstavami socialistick\u00e9 ekonomiky kombinovan\u00e9 s prvky tr\u017en\u00edho hospod\u00e1\u0159stv\u00ed. Varoval p\u0159ed bohorovn\u00fdmi experimenty a t\u0159et\u00edmi cestami. I po listopadu hledal inspiraci v\u00a0osv\u011bd\u010den\u00fdch zku\u0161enostech.<\/p>\n

Proti poloorganizaci Ob\u010dansk\u00e9ho f\u00f3ra postavil koncept tradi\u010dn\u00ed politick\u00e9 strany. Proti postkomunistick\u00e9 p\u0159edstav\u011b, \u017ee vedouc\u00ed \u00falohu d\u011blnick\u00e9 t\u0159\u00eddy nahrad\u00ed vedouc\u00ed \u00faloha vyvolen\u00fdch intelektu\u00e1l\u016f, postavil koncept politick\u00e9 sout\u011b\u017ee. Proti permanentn\u00ed revolt\u011b, zalo\u017een\u00e9 na neinstitu\u010dn\u00edch spole\u010denstv\u00edch veden\u00fdch zap\u00e1len\u00fdmi vizion\u00e1\u0159i s\u00a0asketickou sebek\u00e1zn\u00ed, jim\u017e vyvolen\u00ed sv\u011b\u0159\u00ed moc, postavil model norm\u00e1ln\u011b funguj\u00edc\u00ed parlamentn\u00ed demokracie bez experiment\u016f s postdemokraci\u00ed. Proti alternativ\u00e1m s\u00a0polosocialistickou ekonomikou popul\u00e1rn\u00edch v\u00a0\u0161edes\u00e1t\u00fdch letech postavil koncept norm\u00e1ln\u00ed tr\u017en\u00ed ekonomiky. Proti podnikov\u00fdm samospr\u00e1v\u00e1m postavil norm\u00e1ln\u00ed podnikaj\u00edc\u00ed obchodn\u00ed spole\u010dnosti. Pro tradi\u010dn\u00ed pojet\u00ed politiky a ekonomiky z\u00edskal podporu ve\u0159ejnosti.<\/p>\n

\u010cesk\u00e1 republika ovlivnila i ostatn\u00ed postkomunistick\u00e9 zem\u011b. Zat\u00edmco Z\u00e1pad o\u010dek\u00e1val a mo\u017en\u00e1 si p\u0159\u00e1l \u201aSt\u0159edn\u00ed Evropu\u2018, kter\u00e1 bude jako n\u00e1razn\u00edkov\u00e9 p\u00e1smo desetilet\u00ed experimentovat s t\u0159et\u00edmi cestami, V\u00e1clav Klaus nasm\u011broval v\u00fdvoj k\u00a0parlamentn\u00ed demokracii a tr\u017en\u00ed ekonomice. Zat\u00edmco jedni mu d\u00e1vaj\u00ed za vinu, \u017ee p\u0159\u00edli\u0161 akcentoval osv\u011bd\u010den\u00e9 zku\u0161enosti, jin\u00ed mu naopak vy\u010d\u00edtaj\u00ed, \u017ee to \u010dinil ned\u016fsledn\u011b. Neb\u00fdt V\u00e1clava Klause, zcela jist\u011b bychom se l\u00e9ta a mo\u017en\u00e1 desetilet\u00ed pot\u00fdkali s\u00a0hromadn\u00fdmi experimenty na lidech.<\/p>\n

Zvolen\u00edm V\u00e1clava Klause presidentem z\u00a0parlamentn\u00ed politiky ode\u0161la i politick\u00e1 filosofie. St\u0159et\u00e1v\u00e1n\u00ed filosofick\u00fdch interpretac\u00ed se zm\u011bnilo na handrkov\u00e1n\u00ed o moc. Politick\u00e9 strany, a nejv\u00edce to je vid\u011bt na ODS, opustily p\u016fvodn\u00ed principy. O politick\u00fdch stran\u00e1ch plat\u00ed je\u0161t\u011b v\u00edce, ne\u017e o st\u00e1tech, \u017ee \u201epovst\u00e1vaj\u00ed a upadaj\u00ed z\u00e1rove\u0148 s\u00a0t\u011bmi ide\u00e1ly, na nich\u017e byly postaveny\u201c. Volebn\u00ed programy, kter\u00e9 je\u0161t\u011b v\u00a0devades\u00e1t\u00fdch letech m\u011bly alespo\u0148 ambice m\u00edt n\u011bjak\u00e9 ide\u00e1ly, se zm\u011bnily na rozporupln\u00e9 seznamy nahodil\u00fdch po\u017eadavk\u016f z\u00e1jmov\u00fdch skupin.<\/p>\n

Proti politick\u00e9 politice se prosadilo chybn\u00e9 pojet\u00ed volebn\u00edho programu jako \u201asmlouvy s\u00a0voli\u010dem\u2018, st\u0159et\u00e1v\u00e1n\u00ed filosofick\u00fdch koncept\u016f nahradily volebn\u00ed \u201a\u010dty\u0159let\u00e9 pl\u00e1ny\u2018 a p\u0159edstava, \u017ee strany sm\u00ed d\u011blat, jen co m\u011bly ve volebn\u00edm programu a mus\u00ed plnit v\u0161e, co do programu napsaly. P\u0159itom je nad slunce jasn\u00e9, \u017ee realita p\u0159in\u00e1\u0161\u00ed nep\u0159edv\u00eddateln\u00e9 probl\u00e9my a \u017ee si s\u00a0nimi volebn\u00ed program nebude v\u011bd\u011bt rady. Politick\u00fd program, kter\u00fd m\u011bl na p\u0159\u00edkladech uk\u00e1zat, jak se v\u00a0konkr\u00e9tn\u00edch situac\u00edch aplikuje politick\u00e1 filosofie, byl degradov\u00e1n na absurdn\u00ed j\u00edzdn\u00ed \u0159\u00e1d, kter\u00fd nelze dodr\u017eet.<\/p>\n

Strany, kter\u00e9 maj\u00ed jasno, co je jejich filosofick\u00fd z\u00e1klad, mohou ud\u011blat podstatn\u00e9 kompromisy, proto\u017ee odli\u0161uj\u00ed podstatn\u00e9 od nepodstatn\u00e9ho. Vypr\u00e1zdn\u011bn\u00e9 strany tak jako tak sv\u00e9 sliby nepln\u00ed, neum\u00ed nach\u00e1zet kompromisy a nen\u00ed d\u016fvod jejich kompromisy tolerovat.<\/p>\n

Chyb\u011bj\u00edc\u00ed politick\u00e9 principy \u010dasto nahrazuje vol\u00e1n\u00ed po odborn\u00edc\u00edch a po mor\u00e1lce. Obt\u00ed\u017e spo\u010d\u00edv\u00e1 v\u00a0tom, \u017ee politick\u00e9 probl\u00e9my z\u00a0podstaty v\u011bci nemaj\u00ed \u201aodbornick\u00e9\u2018 \u0159e\u0161en\u00ed. Kdyby m\u011bly, u\u017e by to nebyla politika. Je spr\u00e1vn\u00e9, kdy\u017e je politik z\u00e1rove\u0148 odborn\u00edkem v\u00a0n\u011bjak\u00e9 oblasti, ale odbornost nenahrazuje politick\u00e9 vzd\u011bl\u00e1n\u00ed. Z\u00a0mor\u00e1lky nelze vytvo\u0159it politick\u00fd program. Ka\u017ed\u00fd politik mus\u00ed s\u00a0posv\u00e1tnou \u00factou respektovat mor\u00e1ln\u00ed z\u00e1sady, ale nikdy se nesm\u00ed pokou\u0161et je jakkoli utv\u00e1\u0159et. Mor\u00e1lku nejde uz\u00e1konit, jak spr\u00e1vn\u011b tvrd\u00ed teoretikov\u00e9 pr\u00e1vn\u00ed filosofie, a nesm\u00ed se odvozovat od politiky. Politika nen\u00ed odpov\u011bdn\u00e1 za mor\u00e1lku, ale naopak mor\u00e1lka je odpov\u011bdn\u00e1 za politiku. Pt\u00e1te-li se, co bychom si m\u011bli uchovat z odkazu V\u00e1clava Klause, je to norm\u00e1ln\u00ed politick\u00e1 politika.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

\u00a0Ji\u0159\u00ed Payne 3.3.2013 Podle \u010desk\u00e9ho zvyku odch\u00e1zej\u00edc\u00ed politiky medi\u00e1ln\u011b popravujeme. D\u00e9monizujeme si je z\u00a0obavy, \u017ee by o n\u00e1s mohli z\u00a0politick\u00e9ho z\u00e1hrob\u00ed vyslovit n\u011bjakou pravdu, \u017ee by mohli polemizovat s\u00a0t\u011bmi, kdo… \u010c\u00edst v\u00edce ><\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"ngg_post_thumbnail":0,"_monsterinsights_skip_tracking":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_active":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_note":"","_monsterinsights_sitenote_category":0,"footnotes":""},"categories":[3,13],"tags":[6],"class_list":["post-441","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-clanky","category-dompol","tag-dompol"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.payne.cz\/WP15\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/441","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.payne.cz\/WP15\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.payne.cz\/WP15\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.payne.cz\/WP15\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.payne.cz\/WP15\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=441"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/www.payne.cz\/WP15\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/441\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":442,"href":"https:\/\/www.payne.cz\/WP15\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/441\/revisions\/442"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.payne.cz\/WP15\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=441"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.payne.cz\/WP15\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=441"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.payne.cz\/WP15\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=441"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}