{"id":2991,"date":"2026-02-19T09:27:07","date_gmt":"2026-02-19T08:27:07","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.payne.cz\/WP15\/?p=2991"},"modified":"2026-02-19T09:27:07","modified_gmt":"2026-02-19T08:27:07","slug":"jak-jsme-to-v-ustave-mysleli","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.payne.cz\/WP15\/jak-jsme-to-v-ustave-mysleli\/","title":{"rendered":"Jak jsme to v\u00a0\u00dastav\u011b mysleli"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<div class=\"d_iR\" style=\"text-align: right;\" data-dot=\"ogm-date-of-publication\"><span style=\"color: #008080;\"><time class=\"mol-formatted-date d_kR d_iS\" datetime=\"2026-01-25 16:07:40\">25. 1. 2026<\/time><\/span><\/div>\n<div class=\"_6241b6d122e5e742b990b0cc d_mX\">\n<p class=\"e_cx d_kQ speakable\" data-dot=\"ogm-article-perex\"><strong><span style=\"color: #008080;\">Do bou\u0159liv\u00e9 diskuse o&nbsp;to, zda podle \u00dastavy prezident n\u011bco mus\u00ed \u010di sm\u00ed, p\u0159in\u00e1\u0161\u00edm sv\u016fj n\u00e1zor jednoho z&nbsp;t\u011bch, kdo se na n\u011bkolikalet\u00e9m procesu tvorby \u00fastavy pod\u00edlel.<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"_6241b6de22e5e742b990b0cd d_mX\">\n<article class=\"d_g\" aria-labelledby=\"accessibility-article\" data-dot=\"ogm-content\" data-e2e=\"ogm-content\">\n<h6 id=\"accessibility-article\" class=\"e_o atm-headline-h6 e_i\"><a href=\"http:\/\/www.payne.cz\/WP15\/wp-content\/uploads\/ustava.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-2992\" src=\"http:\/\/www.payne.cz\/WP15\/wp-content\/uploads\/ustava.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"722\" height=\"405\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.payne.cz\/WP15\/wp-content\/uploads\/ustava.jpg 722w, https:\/\/www.payne.cz\/WP15\/wp-content\/uploads\/ustava-300x168.jpg 300w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 722px) 100vw, 722px\" \/><\/a><\/h6>\n<div class=\"f_hB f_cY ogm-content__richContent\">\n<div class=\"f_cx speakable\" data-dot=\"mol-paragraph\">\n<p class=\"e_cx\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span class=\"atm-text-decorator\">Po\u010d\u00e1tkem devades\u00e1t\u00fdch let v&nbsp;\u010ceskoslovensku prob\u00edhala \u0161irok\u00e1 diskuse o&nbsp;\u00fastav\u011b. Na hradech a&nbsp;z\u00e1mc\u00edch prob\u00edhaly des\u00edtky jedn\u00e1n\u00ed o&nbsp;vymezen\u00ed kompetenc\u00ed. Byla to zaj\u00edmav\u00e1 \u0161kola \u00fastavn\u00edho pr\u00e1va, n\u011bkolikr\u00e1t jsme rozebrali celou federaci na \u201esou\u010d\u00e1stky\u201c a&nbsp;znovu jsme je v&nbsp;dobr\u00e9 v\u00ed\u0159e poskl\u00e1dali, abychom na\u0161li n\u011bjak\u00fd vyv\u00e1\u017een\u00fd funguj\u00edc\u00ed \u00fastavn\u00ed model. Psaly se n\u00e1vrhy feder\u00e1ln\u00edch i&nbsp;republikov\u00fdch \u00fastav.<\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"f_cx speakable\" data-dot=\"mol-paragraph\">\n<p class=\"e_cx\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span class=\"atm-text-decorator\">Jeliko\u017e jsem byl pov\u011b\u0159en p\u0159edsedat komisi pro vytvo\u0159en\u00ed n\u00e1vrhu vyv\u00e1\u017een\u00fdch vztah\u016f mezi z\u00e1konod\u00e1rnou a&nbsp;v\u00fdkonnou moc\u00ed v&nbsp;\u010desk\u00e9 \u00fastav\u011b a&nbsp;jeliko\u017e tato komise napsala celkem \u010dty\u0159i n\u00e1vrhy \u00fastavy, a&nbsp;jeliko\u017e jsem posl\u00e9ze byl tak\u00e9 \u010dlenem parlamentn\u00ed komise pro vytvo\u0159en\u00ed n\u00e1vrhu \u00fastavy pro dobu po rozd\u011blen\u00ed federace (to je ta nyn\u00ed platn\u00e1 \u00dastava), trouf\u00e1m si vstoupit do diskuse s&nbsp;m\u00fdm vysv\u011btlen\u00edm, jak jsme to tehdy mysleli.<\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"f_cx speakable\" data-dot=\"mol-paragraph\">\n<p class=\"e_cx\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span class=\"atm-text-decorator\">\u00dastava je konstrukc\u00ed, zalo\u017eenou na rovnov\u00e1ze. Dala by se p\u0159irovnat ke klenb\u011b, nebo stanu. Kdy\u017e vym\u011bn\u00edm n\u011bkter\u00fd k&nbsp;d\u016fle\u017eit\u00fdch kamen\u016f klenby, zm\u011bn\u00ed se tlaky a&nbsp;rovnov\u00e1ha na v\u0161ech ostatn\u00edch m\u00edstech. Kdy\u017e posunu jednu ty\u010dku v&nbsp;postaven\u00e9m stanu, stan se zkrout\u00ed a&nbsp;ve v\u0161ech jeho spoj\u00edch&nbsp;\u2013 na kotv\u00edc\u00edch lank\u00e1ch a&nbsp;ostatn\u00edch ty\u010dk\u00e1ch vznikne \u00fapln\u011b jin\u00e9 nap\u011bt\u00ed. Nemus\u00ed hned spadnout, ale zm\u011bn\u00ed se jeho vlastnosti jako celku. Stejn\u011b tak se t\u0159eba trojno\u017eka naklon\u00ed, jednu nohu prodlou\u017e\u00edm.<\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"f_jJ cbkccjkkhbbcekbhkjkh f_cX f_it\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: revert; color: initial;\">K n\u011b\u010demu takov\u00e9mu do\u0161lo nap\u0159\u00edklad schv\u00e1len\u00edm p\u0159\u00edm\u00e9 volby prezidenta. Rovnov\u00e1\u017en\u00fd stav se zkroutil a m\u00e1me nyn\u00ed jinou rovnov\u00e1hu. M\u016f\u017eeme debatovat o tom, zda je stabiln\u011bj\u0161\u00ed, zda je pevn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed, zda je moud\u0159ej\u0161\u00ed, av\u0161ak nem\u00e1 smysl to pop\u00edrat.<\/span><\/div>\n<div class=\"f_cx speakable\" data-dot=\"mol-paragraph\">\n<p class=\"e_cx\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span class=\"atm-text-decorator\">Rovnov\u00e1hu \u00fastavn\u00edho syst\u00e9mu z&nbsp;jazykov\u00e9ho hlediska vytv\u00e1\u0159ej\u00ed legislativci prost\u0159ednictv\u00edm jemn\u00e9ho p\u0159ediva odst\u00edn\u016f mod\u00e1ln\u00edch vztah\u016f. Krom\u011b v\u0161eobecn\u011b zn\u00e1m\u00fdch mod\u00e1ln\u00edch sloves m\u016f\u017eeme rozli\u0161it n\u011bkolik jejich typ\u016f. Mod\u00e1ln\u00ed vztahy popisuj\u00ed, \u017ee n\u011bkdo n\u011bco m\u016f\u017ee, \u017ee n\u011bco sm\u00ed nebo nesm\u00ed, \u017ee n\u011bco mus\u00ed, \u017ee by n\u011bco m\u011bl, nebo \u017ee m\u00e1 n\u011bjak\u00fd \u00famysl.<\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"f_cx speakable\" data-dot=\"mol-paragraph\">\n<p class=\"e_cx\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span class=\"atm-text-decorator\">\u00dastavn\u00ed syst\u00e9m nestoj\u00ed jenom na \u010dl\u00e1nc\u00edch a&nbsp;paragrafech, ale na principech. Ty jsou obsa\u017eeny preambuli a&nbsp;v p\u0159edepsan\u00fdch slibech. V\u00edce ne\u017e \u010dty\u0159icetkr\u00e1t m\u00e1me v&nbsp;\u00fastav\u011b slovo&nbsp;<span class=\"e_am\">slib<\/span>. D\u016fle\u017eitost slibu lze dokumentovat na tom, \u017ee&nbsp;<span class=\"e_am\">neslo\u017een\u00ed slibu nebo slib s&nbsp;v\u00fdhradou<\/span>podle \u00dastavy automaticky znamen\u00e1 ztr\u00e1tu mand\u00e1tu. Logicky by tak\u00e9 m\u011bla jist\u00e1 \u00farove\u0148 poru\u0161en\u00ed slibu znamenat odstoupen\u00ed nebo odvol\u00e1n\u00ed z&nbsp;funkce. Mo\u017en\u00e1 by bylo zaj\u00edmav\u00e9 ud\u011blat anketu, zda \u00fastavn\u00ed \u010dinitel\u00e9 doslovn\u011b znaj\u00ed zn\u011bn\u00ed slibu, kter\u00fd slo\u017eili a&nbsp;kter\u00fd maj\u00ed v&nbsp;ka\u017ed\u00e9m okam\u017eiku nad\u0159azovat p\u0159i sv\u00e9m rozhodov\u00e1n\u00ed nad jak\u00e9koli z\u00e1jmy nebo dokonce nad pokyny vlastn\u00ed politick\u00e9 strany. Mo\u017en\u00e1 by bylo zaj\u00edmav\u00e9 zeptat se t\u0159eba ministr\u016f-poslanc\u016f, jak ve sv\u00e9 ka\u017edodenn\u00ed \u010dinnosti \u0159e\u0161\u00ed to, \u017ee poslaneck\u00fd a&nbsp;ministersk\u00fd slib m\u00e1 jin\u00e9 zn\u011bn\u00ed.<\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"f_cx speakable\" data-dot=\"mol-paragraph\">\n<p class=\"e_cx\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span class=\"atm-text-decorator\">Moudr\u00fd \u00fastavod\u00e1rce, kter\u00fd usiluje o&nbsp;vyv\u00e1\u017een\u00ed \u00fastavn\u00edch vztah\u016f, nepopisuje kazuisticky konkr\u00e9tn\u00ed p\u0159\u00edpady, za jak\u00fdch se m\u00e1 co st\u00e1t, ale ponech\u00e1v\u00e1 na konkr\u00e9tn\u00edm aktu\u00e1ln\u00edm kontextu vznik a&nbsp;udr\u017een\u00ed rovnov\u00e1hy. Zd\u00e1nliv\u011b m\u016f\u017ee n\u011bkdo tvrdit, \u017ee se jedn\u00e1 o&nbsp;dvoj\u00ed metr, jen\u017ee v&nbsp;tom je pr\u00e1v\u011b ta moudrost&nbsp;\u2013 p\u0159enechat to poctiv\u00e9 a&nbsp;pravdiv\u00e9 svobodn\u00e9 ve\u0159ejn\u00e9 diskusi. To, co v&nbsp;jist\u00e9m kontextu p\u0159edstavuje ohro\u017een\u00ed st\u00e1tu, m\u016f\u017ee b\u00fdt za jin\u00fdch okolnost\u00ed benevolentn\u011b tolerov\u00e1no. V&nbsp;tom spo\u010d\u00edv\u00e1 ta zmi\u0148ovan\u00e1 dynamick\u00e1 rovnov\u00e1ha&nbsp;\u2013 anglicky&nbsp;<span class=\"e_al\"><span class=\"e_am\">checks and balances<\/span><\/span>. Nen\u00ed to tedy tak, \u017ee jen \u00dastavn\u00ed soud vykl\u00e1d\u00e1 \u00dastavu, dynamick\u00e1 rovnov\u00e1ha je mimo jin\u00e9 z\u00e1visl\u00e1 na politick\u00e9m kontextu a&nbsp;na m\u00edn\u011bn\u00ed ve\u0159ejnosti. I&nbsp;kdy\u017e dva d\u011blaj\u00ed tot\u00e9\u017e, nen\u00ed to tot\u00e9\u017e. I&nbsp;kdy\u017e nastane podobn\u00e1 situace v&nbsp;jin\u00e9m kontextu, nen\u00ed to tot\u00e9\u017e.<\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"f_cx speakable\" data-dot=\"mol-paragraph\">\n<p class=\"e_cx\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span class=\"atm-text-decorator\">R\u00e1mcem, kter\u00fd dynamickou rovnov\u00e1hu udr\u017euje, jsou ur\u010dit\u00e9 hodnotov\u00e9 principy, kter\u00e9 \u00dastava nad\u0159azuje nad v\u0161echna dal\u0161\u00ed ustanoven\u00ed. Krom\u011b slibu pro ka\u017ed\u00e9ho, kdo m\u00e1 zast\u00e1vat n\u011bjakou \u00fastavn\u00ed funkci, jsou tyto principy shrnuty v&nbsp;preambuli, kter\u00e1 zd\u00e1nliv\u011b nezasahuje to toho, co potom specifikuj\u00ed jednotliv\u00e9 n\u00e1sleduj\u00edc\u00ed \u010dl\u00e1nky. Existence t\u011bchto princip\u016f se pak prom\u00edt\u00e1 do zn\u011bn\u00ed \u010dl\u00e1nku 9:&nbsp;<span class=\"e_am\">\u201eZm\u011bna podstatn\u00fdch n\u00e1le\u017eitost\u00ed demokratick\u00e9ho pr\u00e1vn\u00edho st\u00e1tu je nep\u0159\u00edpustn\u00e1. V\u00fdkladem pr\u00e1vn\u00edch norem nelze opr\u00e1vnit odstran\u011bn\u00ed nebo ohro\u017een\u00ed z\u00e1klad\u016f demokratick\u00e9ho st\u00e1tu.\u201c<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"f_cx speakable\" data-dot=\"mol-paragraph\">\n<p class=\"e_cx\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span class=\"atm-text-decorator\">Hodnotov\u00e9 principy skute\u010dn\u011b mohou n\u011bkoho v&nbsp;n\u011bjak\u00e9m kontextu vylou\u010dit z&nbsp;v\u00fdkonu ur\u010dit\u00e9 funkce. Mo\u017en\u00e1 to n\u011bkoho p\u0159ekvap\u00ed, preambule vznikla v&nbsp;dob\u011b, kdy V\u00e1clav Havel nebyl prezidentem a&nbsp;nem\u011bl na jej\u00ed podobu v\u016fbec \u017e\u00e1dn\u00fd vliv. Ti, kdo se na tvorb\u011b \u00dastavy pod\u00edleli, v\u0161ak v\u011bd\u00ed, kdo je autorem.<\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"f_cx speakable\" data-dot=\"mol-paragraph\">\n<p class=\"e_cx\"><span class=\"atm-text-decorator\">Pod\u00edvejme se nyn\u00ed, co vy\u010dteme z&nbsp;psan\u00e9ho textu, jak \u00dastava formuluje jednotliv\u00e9 mod\u00e1ln\u00ed vztahy:<\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<h5 class=\"e_o e_ci f_o speakable\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"color: #008080;\">1) V&nbsp;p\u0159\u00edpadech, kdy chce \u00dastava n\u011bco zvl\u00e1\u0161t\u011b akcentovat, pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1 v&nbsp;n\u011bkolika p\u0159\u00edpadech souslov\u00ed \u201em\u00e1 pr\u00e1vo\u201c. Znamen\u00e1 to, \u017ee n\u011bkdo n\u011bco m\u016f\u017ee u\u010dinit, pokud chce, ale nemus\u00ed a&nbsp;ani nen\u00ed nab\u00e1d\u00e1n k&nbsp;tomu, aby to u\u010dinil.<\/span><\/h5>\n<div class=\"f_cx speakable\" data-dot=\"mol-paragraph\">\n<p class=\"e_cx\"><span class=\"atm-text-decorator\"><span class=\"e_al\">P\u0159\u00edklady:<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"f_cx speakable\" data-dot=\"mol-paragraph\">\n<p class=\"e_cx\"><span class=\"atm-text-decorator\">a) \u010cl. 28:<span class=\"e_al\">&nbsp;<\/span><span class=\"e_am\">Poslanec i&nbsp;sen\u00e1tor&nbsp;<span class=\"e_al\">m\u00e1 pr\u00e1vo<\/span>&nbsp;odep\u0159\u00edt sv\u011bdectv\u00ed o&nbsp;skute\u010dnostech \u2026<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"f_cx speakable\" data-dot=\"mol-paragraph\">\n<p class=\"e_cx\"><span class=\"atm-text-decorator\"><span class=\"e_am\">b)<\/span>&nbsp;<span class=\"e_am\">\u010cl. 63: (1) Prezident republiky d\u00e1le \u2026 k)&nbsp;<span class=\"e_al\">m\u00e1 pr\u00e1vo<\/span>&nbsp;ud\u011blovat amnestii.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"f_cx speakable\" data-dot=\"mol-paragraph\">\n<p class=\"e_cx\"><span class=\"atm-text-decorator\">c)&nbsp;<span class=\"e_am\">\u010cl. 62:<span class=\"e_al\">&nbsp;<\/span>Prezident republiky \u2026 h)&nbsp;<span class=\"e_al\">m\u00e1 pr\u00e1vo<\/span>&nbsp;vr\u00e1tit Parlamentu p\u0159ijat\u00fd z\u00e1kon s&nbsp;v\u00fdjimkou z\u00e1kona \u00fastavn\u00edho,<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"f_cx speakable\" data-dot=\"mol-paragraph\">\n<p class=\"e_cx\"><span class=\"atm-text-decorator\">d) \u010cl. 38:&nbsp;<span class=\"e_am\">(1) \u010clen vl\u00e1dy&nbsp;<span class=\"e_al\">m\u00e1 pr\u00e1vo<\/span>&nbsp;\u00fa\u010dastnit se sch\u016fz\u00ed obou komor, jejich v\u00fdbor\u016f a&nbsp;komis\u00ed.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"f_cx speakable\" data-dot=\"mol-paragraph\">\n<p class=\"e_cx\"><span class=\"atm-text-decorator\">e) \u010cl. 78:&nbsp;<span class=\"e_am\">K&nbsp;proveden\u00ed z\u00e1kona a&nbsp;v jeho mez\u00edch je vl\u00e1da&nbsp;<span class=\"e_al\">opr\u00e1vn\u011bna<\/span>&nbsp;vyd\u00e1vat na\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"f_cx speakable\" data-dot=\"mol-paragraph\">\n<p class=\"e_cx\"><span class=\"atm-text-decorator\">f) \u010cl. 63:&nbsp;<span class=\"e_am\">k)&nbsp;<span class=\"e_al\">m\u00e1 pr\u00e1vo<\/span>ud\u011blovat amnestii.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"f_cx speakable\" data-dot=\"mol-paragraph\">\n<p class=\"e_cx\"><span class=\"atm-text-decorator\"><span class=\"e_am\">g)<\/span>&nbsp;\u010cl. 38:<span class=\"e_al\">&nbsp;<\/span><span class=\"e_am\">(1) \u010clen vl\u00e1dy&nbsp;<span class=\"e_al\">m\u00e1 pr\u00e1vo<\/span>&nbsp;\u00fa\u010dastnit se sch\u016fz\u00ed obou komor, jejich v\u00fdbor\u016f a&nbsp;komis\u00ed.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<h5 class=\"e_o e_ci f_o speakable\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"color: #008080;\">2) V&nbsp;n\u011bkolik p\u0159\u00edpadech je formulace \u201em\u00e1 pr\u00e1vo\u201c dopln\u011bna o&nbsp;n\u011bjak\u00e9 dal\u0161\u00ed podm\u00ednkynebo v\u00fdjimky.<\/span><\/h5>\n<div class=\"f_cx speakable\" data-dot=\"mol-paragraph\">\n<p class=\"e_cx\"><span class=\"atm-text-decorator\"><span class=\"e_al\">P\u0159\u00edklady:<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"f_cx speakable\" data-dot=\"mol-paragraph\">\n<p class=\"e_cx\"><span class=\"atm-text-decorator\">a) \u010cl. 44:&nbsp;<span class=\"e_am\">(1) Vl\u00e1da&nbsp;<span class=\"e_al\">m\u00e1 pr\u00e1vo<\/span>vyj\u00e1d\u0159it se ke v\u0161em n\u00e1vrh\u016fm z\u00e1kon\u016f. (2)&nbsp;<span class=\"e_al\">Nevyj\u00e1d\u0159\u00ed-li se<\/span>&nbsp;vl\u00e1da do t\u0159iceti dn\u016f od doby, kdy j\u00ed byl n\u00e1vrh z\u00e1kona doru\u010den,&nbsp;<span class=\"e_al\">plat\u00ed<\/span>, \u017ee se vyj\u00e1d\u0159ila kladn\u011b.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"f_cx speakable\" data-dot=\"mol-paragraph\">\n<p class=\"e_cx\"><span class=\"atm-text-decorator\"><span class=\"e_am\">b)<\/span>&nbsp;\u010cl. 44:&nbsp;<span class=\"e_am\">(3) Vl\u00e1da je&nbsp;<span class=\"e_al\">opr\u00e1vn\u011bna<\/span>\u017e\u00e1dat, aby Poslaneck\u00e1 sn\u011bmovna skon\u010dila projedn\u00e1v\u00e1n\u00ed vl\u00e1dn\u00edho n\u00e1vrhu z\u00e1kona do t\u0159\u00ed m\u011bs\u00edc\u016f od jeho p\u0159edlo\u017een\u00ed,&nbsp;<span class=\"e_al\">pokud<\/span>&nbsp;s&nbsp;t\u00edm vl\u00e1da spoj\u00ed \u017e\u00e1dost o&nbsp;vysloven\u00ed d\u016fv\u011bry.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"f_cx speakable\" data-dot=\"mol-paragraph\">\n<p class=\"e_cx\"><span class=\"atm-text-decorator\">c) \u010cl. 50:&nbsp;<span class=\"e_am\">(1) Prezident republiky&nbsp;<span class=\"e_al\">m\u00e1 pr\u00e1vo<\/span>&nbsp;vr\u00e1tit p\u0159ijat\u00fd z\u00e1kon s&nbsp;v\u00fdjimkou z\u00e1kona \u00fastavn\u00edho, s&nbsp;od\u016fvodn\u011bn\u00edm do patn\u00e1cti dn\u016f ode dne, kdy mu byl postoupen.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"f_cx speakable\" data-dot=\"mol-paragraph\">\n<p class=\"e_cx\"><span class=\"atm-text-decorator\">d) \u010cl. 62:&nbsp;<span class=\"e_am\">h)&nbsp;<span class=\"e_al\">m\u00e1 pr\u00e1vo<\/span>&nbsp;vr\u00e1tit Parlamentu p\u0159ijat\u00fd z\u00e1kon s&nbsp;v\u00fdjimkou z\u00e1kona \u00fastavn\u00edho.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<h5 class=\"e_o e_ci f_o speakable\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"color: #008080;\">3) Na jednom m\u00edst\u011b se vyskytuje slovo \u201epovinnost\u201c, kter\u00e1 je ale hned v&nbsp;n\u00e1sleduj\u00edc\u00ed v\u011bt\u011b relativizov\u00e1na. \u00dastava tedy um\u00ed stanovit povinnost, kdy\u017e chce.<\/span><\/h5>\n<div class=\"f_cx speakable\" data-dot=\"mol-paragraph\">\n<p class=\"e_cx\"><span class=\"atm-text-decorator\"><span class=\"e_al\">P\u0159\u00edklad:<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"f_cx speakable\" data-dot=\"mol-paragraph\">\n<p class=\"e_cx\"><span class=\"atm-text-decorator\">\u010cl. 38:&nbsp;<span class=\"e_am\">(2) \u010clen vl\u00e1dy&nbsp;<span class=\"e_al\">je povinen<\/span>&nbsp;osobn\u011b se dostavit do sch\u016fze Poslaneck\u00e9 sn\u011bmovny na z\u00e1klad\u011b jej\u00edho usnesen\u00ed. To plat\u00ed i&nbsp;o sch\u016fzi v\u00fdboru, komise nebo vy\u0161et\u0159ovac\u00ed komise, kde v\u0161ak se \u010dlen vl\u00e1dy&nbsp;<span class=\"e_al\">m\u016f\u017ee<\/span>&nbsp;d\u00e1t zastupovat sv\u00fdm n\u00e1m\u011bstkem nebo jin\u00fdm \u010dlenem vl\u00e1dy, nen\u00ed-li v\u00fdslovn\u011b po\u017eadov\u00e1na jeho osobn\u00ed \u00fa\u010dast.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"f_cx speakable\" data-dot=\"mol-paragraph\">\n<p class=\"e_cx\"><span class=\"atm-text-decorator\">Z toho nevypl\u00fdv\u00e1, \u017ee by neexistovaly jin\u00e9 povinnosti, je jich v&nbsp;\u00dastav\u011b mnoho, ale v&nbsp;nepatrn\u011b jin\u00e9m mod\u00e1ln\u011b v\u00fdznamov\u00e9m odst\u00ednu.<\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<h5 class=\"e_o e_ci f_o speakable\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"color: #008080;\">4) V&nbsp;n\u011bkolika p\u0159\u00edpadech \u00dastava stanov\u00ed povinnost a&nbsp;popisuje, co se stane, kdy\u017e n\u011bco nen\u00ed dodr\u017eeno. Kdy\u017e \u00dastava chce ur\u010dit, \u017ee se n\u011bco opravdu mus\u00ed, stanov\u00ed sankci.<\/span><\/h5>\n<div class=\"f_cx speakable\" data-dot=\"mol-paragraph\">\n<p class=\"e_cx\"><span class=\"atm-text-decorator\"><span class=\"e_al\">P\u0159\u00edklady:<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"f_cx speakable\" data-dot=\"mol-paragraph\">\n<p class=\"e_cx\"><span class=\"atm-text-decorator\">a) \u010cl. 25:<span class=\"e_al\">&nbsp;<span class=\"e_am\">Mand\u00e1t poslance nebo sen\u00e1tora zanik\u00e1&nbsp;a)&nbsp;odep\u0159en\u00edm slibu&nbsp;nebo&nbsp;slo\u017een\u00edm slibu s&nbsp;v\u00fdhradou,<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"f_cx speakable\" data-dot=\"mol-paragraph\">\n<p class=\"e_cx\"><span class=\"atm-text-decorator\">b) \u010cl. 34:<span class=\"e_al\">&nbsp;<\/span><span class=\"e_am\">(1) Zased\u00e1n\u00ed komor jsou st\u00e1l\u00e1. Zased\u00e1n\u00ed Poslaneck\u00e9 sn\u011bmovny&nbsp;<span class=\"e_al\">svol\u00e1v\u00e1&nbsp;<\/span>prezident republiky tak, aby bylo zah\u00e1jeno nejpozd\u011bji t\u0159ic\u00e1t\u00fd den po dni voleb;&nbsp;<span class=\"e_al\">neu\u010din\u00ed-li<\/span>tak, sejde se Poslaneck\u00e1 sn\u011bmovna t\u0159ic\u00e1t\u00fd den po dni voleb.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"f_cx speakable\" data-dot=\"mol-paragraph\">\n<p class=\"e_cx\"><span class=\"atm-text-decorator\"><span class=\"e_am\">c)<\/span>&nbsp;<span class=\"e_am\">\u010cl. 46: (1) Sen\u00e1t&nbsp;<span class=\"e_al\">projedn\u00e1<\/span>&nbsp;n\u00e1vrh z\u00e1kona a&nbsp;usnese se k&nbsp;n\u011bmu do t\u0159iceti dn\u016f \u2026 (3)&nbsp;<span class=\"e_al\">Jestli\u017ee<\/span>se Sen\u00e1t nevyj\u00e1d\u0159\u00ed ve lh\u016ft\u011b podle odstavce 1,&nbsp;<span class=\"e_al\">plat\u00ed<\/span>, \u017ee \u2026<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"f_cx speakable\" data-dot=\"mol-paragraph\">\n<p class=\"e_cx\"><span class=\"atm-text-decorator\">d) \u010cl. 73:&nbsp;<span class=\"e_am\">(2) Vl\u00e1da&nbsp;<span class=\"e_al\">pod\u00e1<\/span>demisi, jestli\u017ee \u2026 \u010cl. 75: Prezident republiky&nbsp;<span class=\"e_al\">odvol\u00e1<\/span>&nbsp;vl\u00e1du, kter\u00e1 nepodala demisi, \u2026<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<h5 class=\"e_o e_ci f_o speakable\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"color: #008080;\">5) \u00dastava dvakr\u00e1t n\u011bco v\u00fdslovn\u011b zakazuje slovem \u201enesm\u00ed\u201c.<\/span><\/h5>\n<div class=\"f_cx speakable\" data-dot=\"mol-paragraph\">\n<p class=\"e_cx\"><span class=\"atm-text-decorator\"><span class=\"e_al\">P\u0159\u00edklady:<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"f_cx speakable\" data-dot=\"mol-paragraph\">\n<p class=\"e_cx\"><span class=\"atm-text-decorator\"><span class=\"e_am\">a)<\/span>&nbsp;\u010cl. 34:&nbsp;<span class=\"e_am\">(2) \u2026&nbsp;<span class=\"e_al\">nesm\u00ed<\/span>p\u0159ekro\u010dit sto dvacet dn\u016f v&nbsp;roce.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"f_cx speakable\" data-dot=\"mol-paragraph\">\n<p class=\"e_cx\"><span class=\"atm-text-decorator\"><span class=\"e_am\">b)<\/span>&nbsp;\u010cl. 70:&nbsp;<span class=\"e_am\">\u010clen vl\u00e1dy&nbsp;<span class=\"e_al\">nesm\u00ed<\/span>vykon\u00e1vat \u010dinnosti, jejich\u017e povaha odporuje v\u00fdkonu jeho funkce.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<h5 class=\"e_o e_ci f_o speakable\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"color: #008080;\">6) \u00dastava pak na n\u011bkolika des\u00edtk\u00e1ch m\u00edst popisuje, \u017ee n\u011bkdo n\u011bco m\u016f\u017ee, sm\u00ed, m\u016f\u017ee s&nbsp;podm\u00ednkou, pop\u0159\u00edpad\u011b nesm\u00ed a&nbsp;nem\u016f\u017ee. Zejm\u00e9na kdy\u017e se jedn\u00e1 o&nbsp;n\u011bco, co vybo\u010duje z&nbsp;norm\u00e1ln\u00edho stavu. (Krom\u011b toho m\u00e1me v&nbsp;\u00dastav\u011b podobn\u00e9 slovo na dal\u0161\u00edch des\u00edtk\u00e1ch m\u00edst, ale tam se to net\u00fdk\u00e1 rovnov\u00e1hy \u00fastavn\u00edch org\u00e1n\u016f.)<\/span><\/h5>\n<div class=\"f_cx speakable\" data-dot=\"mol-paragraph\">\n<p class=\"e_cx\"><span class=\"atm-text-decorator\"><span class=\"e_al\">P\u0159\u00edklady:<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"f_cx speakable\" data-dot=\"mol-paragraph\">\n<p class=\"e_cx\"><span class=\"atm-text-decorator\"><span class=\"e_am\">a)<\/span>&nbsp;\u010cl. 24:<span class=\"e_al\">&nbsp;<\/span><span class=\"e_am\">Poslanec nebo sen\u00e1tor se&nbsp;<span class=\"e_al\">m\u016f\u017ee<\/span>&nbsp;sv\u00e9ho mand\u00e1tu vzd\u00e1t prohl\u00e1\u0161en\u00edm<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"f_cx speakable\" data-dot=\"mol-paragraph\">\n<p class=\"e_cx\"><span class=\"atm-text-decorator\"><span class=\"e_am\">b)<\/span>&nbsp;\u010cl. 30:<span class=\"e_al\">&nbsp;<\/span><span class=\"e_am\">(1) Pro vy\u0161et\u0159en\u00ed v\u011bci ve\u0159ejn\u00e9ho z\u00e1jmu&nbsp;<span class=\"e_al\">m\u016f\u017ee<\/span>&nbsp;Poslaneck\u00e1 sn\u011bmovna z\u0159\u00eddit \u2026<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"f_cx speakable\" data-dot=\"mol-paragraph\">\n<p class=\"e_cx\"><span class=\"atm-text-decorator\"><span class=\"e_am\">c)<\/span>&nbsp;\u010cl. 32:&nbsp;<span class=\"e_am\">Poslanec nebo sen\u00e1tor, kter\u00fd je \u010dlenem vl\u00e1dy,&nbsp;<span class=\"e_al\">nem\u016f\u017ee<\/span>&nbsp;b\u00fdt p\u0159edsedou \u010di m\u00edstop\u0159edsedou Poslaneck\u00e9 sn\u011bmovny nebo Sen\u00e1tu<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"f_cx speakable\" data-dot=\"mol-paragraph\">\n<p class=\"e_cx\"><span class=\"atm-text-decorator\"><span class=\"e_am\">d)<\/span>&nbsp;\u010cl. 33:&nbsp;<span class=\"e_am\">(3) Z\u00e1konn\u00e9 opat\u0159en\u00ed m\u016f\u017ee Sen\u00e1tu navrhnout jen vl\u00e1da.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"f_cx speakable\" data-dot=\"mol-paragraph\">\n<p class=\"e_cx\"><span class=\"atm-text-decorator\"><span class=\"e_am\">e)<\/span>&nbsp;\u010cl. 34:&nbsp;<span class=\"e_am\">(2) Zased\u00e1n\u00ed komory&nbsp;<span class=\"e_al\">m\u016f\u017ee<\/span>b\u00fdt usnesen\u00edm p\u0159eru\u0161eno. Celkov\u00e1 doba, po kterou&nbsp;<span class=\"e_al\">m\u016f\u017ee<\/span>&nbsp;b\u00fdt zased\u00e1n\u00ed p\u0159eru\u0161eno,&nbsp;<span class=\"e_al\">nesm\u00ed<\/span>&nbsp;p\u0159ekro\u010dit sto dvacet dn\u016f v&nbsp;roce.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"f_cx speakable\" data-dot=\"mol-paragraph\">\n<p class=\"e_cx\"><span class=\"atm-text-decorator\"><span class=\"e_am\">f)<\/span>&nbsp;\u010cl. 35:&nbsp;<span class=\"e_am\">(1) Poslaneckou sn\u011bmovnu&nbsp;<span class=\"e_al\">m\u016f\u017ee<\/span>rozpustit prezident republiky,&nbsp;<span class=\"e_al\">jestli\u017ee<\/span>&nbsp;\u2026<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"f_cx speakable\" data-dot=\"mol-paragraph\">\n<p class=\"e_cx\"><span class=\"atm-text-decorator\"><span class=\"e_am\">g)<\/span>&nbsp;\u010cl. 41:<span class=\"e_al\">&nbsp;<\/span><span class=\"e_am\">(2) N\u00e1vrh z\u00e1kona&nbsp;<span class=\"e_al\">m\u016f\u017ee<\/span>podat poslanec, skupina poslanc\u016f, Sen\u00e1t, \u2026<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"f_cx speakable\" data-dot=\"mol-paragraph\">\n<p class=\"e_cx\"><span class=\"atm-text-decorator\"><span class=\"e_am\">h)<\/span>&nbsp;\u010cl. 43:&nbsp;<span class=\"e_am\">(6) O&nbsp;rozhodnut\u00edch podle odstavc\u016f 4&nbsp;a&nbsp;5&nbsp;informuje vl\u00e1da neprodlen\u011b ob\u011b komory Parlamentu. Parlament&nbsp;<span class=\"e_al\">m\u016f\u017ee<\/span>rozhodnut\u00ed vl\u00e1dy zru\u0161it \u2026<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"f_cx speakable\" data-dot=\"mol-paragraph\">\n<p class=\"e_cx\"><span class=\"atm-text-decorator\"><span class=\"e_am\">i)<\/span>&nbsp;\u010cl. 61:&nbsp;<span class=\"e_am\">Prezident republiky se&nbsp;<span class=\"e_al\">m\u016f\u017ee<\/span>vzd\u00e1t sv\u00e9ho \u00fa\u0159adu \u2026<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"f_cx speakable\" data-dot=\"mol-paragraph\">\n<p class=\"e_cx\"><span class=\"atm-text-decorator\"><span class=\"e_am\">j)<\/span>&nbsp;\u010cl. 65:&nbsp;<span class=\"e_am\">(2) Sen\u00e1t&nbsp;<span class=\"e_al\">m\u016f\u017ee<\/span>&nbsp;se souhlasem Poslaneck\u00e9 sn\u011bmovny podat \u00fastavn\u00ed \u017ealobu \u2026 \u00dastavn\u00ed soud&nbsp;<span class=\"e_al\">m\u016f\u017ee<\/span>na z\u00e1klad\u011b \u00fastavn\u00ed \u017ealoby Sen\u00e1tu rozhodnout \u2026<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"f_cx speakable\" data-dot=\"mol-paragraph\">\n<p class=\"e_cx\"><span class=\"atm-text-decorator\"><span class=\"e_am\">k)<\/span>&nbsp;\u010cl. 71:&nbsp;<span class=\"e_am\">Vl\u00e1da&nbsp;<span class=\"e_al\">m\u016f\u017ee<\/span>p\u0159edlo\u017eit Poslaneck\u00e9 sn\u011bmovn\u011b \u017e\u00e1dost o&nbsp;vysloven\u00ed d\u016fv\u011bry.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"f_cx speakable\" data-dot=\"mol-paragraph\">\n<p class=\"e_cx\"><span class=\"atm-text-decorator\">l) \u010cl. 72:<span class=\"e_al\">&nbsp;<\/span><span class=\"e_am\">Poslaneck\u00e1 sn\u011bmovna&nbsp;<span class=\"e_al\">m\u016f\u017ee<\/span>&nbsp;vyslovit vl\u00e1d\u011b ned\u016fv\u011bru.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<h5 class=\"e_o e_ci f_o speakable\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"color: #008080;\">7) Na v\u00edce ne\u017e sedmdes\u00e1ti m\u00edstech \u00dastava konstatuje obvykl\u00e9 fungov\u00e1n\u00ed jakoby s&nbsp;v\u011bdom\u00edm, \u017ee to tak obvykle b\u00fdv\u00e1, ale nen\u00ed to ani povinn\u00e9, ani nen\u00ed vylou\u010deno, \u017ee to bude za n\u011bjak\u00fdch okolnost\u00ed jinak. \u00dastavn\u00ed krize kv\u016fli tomu nevznik\u00e1, je to variabiln\u00ed prostor k&nbsp;tomu, aby dynamick\u00e1 rovnov\u00e1ha z\u016fstala pevn\u00e1.<\/span><\/h5>\n<div class=\"f_cx speakable\" data-dot=\"mol-paragraph\">\n<p class=\"e_cx\"><span class=\"atm-text-decorator\"><span class=\"e_al\">P\u0159\u00edklady:<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"f_cx speakable\" data-dot=\"mol-paragraph\">\n<p class=\"e_cx\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span class=\"atm-text-decorator\">a) \u010cl. 29:<span class=\"e_al\">&nbsp;<\/span><span class=\"e_am\">(1) Poslaneck\u00e1 sn\u011bmovna&nbsp;<span class=\"e_al\">vol\u00ed a&nbsp;odvol\u00e1v\u00e1<\/span>&nbsp;p\u0159edsedu a&nbsp;m\u00edstop\u0159edsedy Poslaneck\u00e9 sn\u011bmovny. (2) Sen\u00e1t&nbsp;<span class=\"e_al\">vol\u00ed a&nbsp;odvol\u00e1v\u00e1<\/span>&nbsp;p\u0159edsedu a&nbsp;m\u00edstop\u0159edsedy Sen\u00e1tu.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"f_cx speakable\" data-dot=\"mol-paragraph\">\n<p class=\"e_cx\"><span class=\"atm-text-decorator\">To pochopiteln\u011b neznamen\u00e1, \u017ee mus\u00ed odvolat, ale je to mo\u017en\u00e9. Nen\u00ed to povinnost.<\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"f_cx speakable\" data-dot=\"mol-paragraph\">\n<p class=\"e_cx\"><span class=\"atm-text-decorator\">b) \u010cl. 43:&nbsp;<span class=\"e_am\">(1) Parlament&nbsp;<span class=\"e_al\">rozhoduje&nbsp;<\/span>o&nbsp;vyhl\u00e1\u0161en\u00ed v\u00e1le\u010dn\u00e9ho stavu, je-li \u010cesk\u00e1 republika napadena, \u2026<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"f_cx speakable\" data-dot=\"mol-paragraph\">\n<p class=\"e_cx\"><span class=\"atm-text-decorator\">To rovn\u011b\u017e neznamen\u00e1, \u017ee mus\u00ed, ale rozhodne se.<\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"f_cx speakable\" data-dot=\"mol-paragraph\">\n<p class=\"e_cx\"><span class=\"atm-text-decorator\">c) \u010cl. 43:&nbsp;<span class=\"e_am\">(3) Parlament&nbsp;<span class=\"e_al\">vyslovuje&nbsp;<\/span>souhlas a) s&nbsp;vysl\u00e1n\u00edm ozbrojen\u00fdch sil \u010cesk\u00e9 republiky \u2026<\/span><br>Pochopiteln\u011b v\u0161ak nemus\u00ed souhlasit ve v\u0161ech p\u0159\u00edpadech.<\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"f_cx speakable\" data-dot=\"mol-paragraph\">\n<p class=\"e_cx\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span class=\"atm-text-decorator\">e) \u010cl. 43:&nbsp;<span class=\"e_am\">(4) Vl\u00e1da&nbsp;<span class=\"e_al\">rozhoduje&nbsp;<\/span>o&nbsp;vysl\u00e1n\u00ed ozbrojen\u00fdch sil \u010cesk\u00e9 republiky mimo \u00fazem\u00ed \u010cesk\u00e9 republiky a&nbsp;o pobytu ozbrojen\u00fdch sil jin\u00fdch st\u00e1t\u016f na \u00fazem\u00ed \u010cesk\u00e9 republiky \u2026<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"f_cx speakable\" data-dot=\"mol-paragraph\">\n<p class=\"e_cx\"><span class=\"atm-text-decorator\">Ka\u017ed\u00e9mu je jasn\u00e9, \u017ee nemus\u00ed, \u017ee z\u00e1le\u017e\u00ed na jej\u00edm uv\u00e1\u017een\u00ed.<\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"f_cx speakable\" data-dot=\"mol-paragraph\">\n<p class=\"e_cx\"><span class=\"atm-text-decorator\">f) \u010cl. 62:&nbsp;<span class=\"e_am\">Prezident republiky c)&nbsp;<span class=\"e_al\">rozpou\u0161t\u00ed&nbsp;<\/span>Poslaneckou sn\u011bmovnu \u2026<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"f_cx speakable\" data-dot=\"mol-paragraph\">\n<p class=\"e_cx\"><span class=\"atm-text-decorator\">Nikdo z&nbsp;toho nevyvozuje povinnost Sn\u011bmovnu rozpustit. M\u016f\u017ee a&nbsp;nemus\u00ed.<\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"f_cx speakable\" data-dot=\"mol-paragraph\">\n<p class=\"e_cx\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span class=\"atm-text-decorator\">g) \u010cl. 62:&nbsp;<span class=\"e_am\">Prezident republiky g)&nbsp;<span class=\"e_al\">odpou\u0161t\u00ed&nbsp;<\/span>a&nbsp;<span class=\"e_al\">zm\u00edr\u0148uje<\/span>&nbsp;tresty ulo\u017een\u00e9 soudem a&nbsp;zahlazuje odsouzen\u00ed, \u2026<\/span><br>Nikoho ale nenapadne, \u017ee by musel. Nemus\u00ed, je to na jeho rozhodnut\u00ed.<\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"f_cx speakable\" data-dot=\"mol-paragraph\">\n<p class=\"e_cx\"><span class=\"atm-text-decorator\">h) \u010cl. 62:&nbsp;<span class=\"e_am\">Prezident republiky i)&nbsp;<span class=\"e_al\">podepisuje<\/span>z\u00e1kony, \u2026<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"f_cx speakable\" data-dot=\"mol-paragraph\">\n<p class=\"e_cx\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span class=\"atm-text-decorator\">Stejn\u00e9 ustanoven\u00ed m\u00e1me je\u0161t\u011b na n\u011bkolika jin\u00fdch m\u00edstech v&nbsp;\u00dastav\u011b, ale dob\u0159e v\u00edme, \u017ee jsme m\u011bli p\u0159\u00edpady, ve kter\u00fdch prezident z\u00e1kon nepodepsal, \u010d\u00edm\u017e v&nbsp;r\u00e1mci na\u0161\u00ed \u00fastavn\u00ed rovnov\u00e1hy (\u010di jinak \u0159e\u010deno na\u0161eho \u201a\u00fastavn\u00edho po\u0159\u00e1dku\u2018) oproti obvykl\u00e9mu postupu dal najevo, \u017ee se jedn\u00e1 o&nbsp;v\u00fdjime\u010dnou situaci.<\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"f_cx speakable\" data-dot=\"mol-paragraph\">\n<p class=\"e_cx\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span class=\"atm-text-decorator\">i) \u010cl. 63:&nbsp;<span class=\"e_am\">(1) Prezident republiky d\u00e1le d<span class=\"e_al\">) p\u0159ij\u00edm\u00e1<\/span>&nbsp;vedouc\u00ed zastupitelsk\u00fdch mis\u00ed, \u2026<\/span><br>Dob\u0159e v\u00edme, \u017ee v&nbsp;diplomacii existuje mo\u017enost, \u017ee \u010cesk\u00e1 republika odm\u00edtne p\u0159ijmout velvyslance jin\u00e9 zem\u011b a&nbsp;v tom p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b jej prezident nep\u0159ijme&nbsp;\u2013 nep\u0159evezme pov\u011b\u0159ovac\u00ed listiny. Op\u011bt vid\u00edme, \u017ee to nen\u00ed povinn\u00e9.<\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"f_cx speakable\" data-dot=\"mol-paragraph\">\n<p class=\"e_cx\"><span class=\"atm-text-decorator\">j) \u010cl. 63:&nbsp;<span class=\"e_am\">g)&nbsp;<span class=\"e_al\">jmenuje<\/span>&nbsp;a&nbsp;<span class=\"e_al\">povy\u0161uje<\/span>gener\u00e1ly, \u2026<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"f_cx speakable\" data-dot=\"mol-paragraph\">\n<p class=\"e_cx\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span class=\"atm-text-decorator\">Tak\u00e9 toto ustanoven\u00ed zcela jist\u011b neznamen\u00e1, \u017ee by musel. A&nbsp;pamatujeme si, \u017ee to v&nbsp;konkr\u00e9tn\u00ed situaci jist\u00fd prezident opakovan\u011b neud\u011blal.<\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"f_cx speakable\" data-dot=\"mol-paragraph\">\n<p class=\"e_cx\"><span class=\"atm-text-decorator\">k) \u010cl. 63:&nbsp;<span class=\"e_am\">(1) Prezident republiky d\u00e1le h)&nbsp;<span class=\"e_al\">prop\u016fj\u010duje<\/span>&nbsp;a&nbsp;<span class=\"e_al\">ud\u011bluje<\/span>&nbsp;st\u00e1tn\u00ed vyznamen\u00e1n\u00ed, \u2026<\/span><br>Samoz\u0159ejm\u011b ale nemus\u00ed, je to na jeho rozhodnut\u00ed, zda a&nbsp;komu d\u00e1 vyznamen\u00e1n\u00ed.<\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"f_cx speakable\" data-dot=\"mol-paragraph\">\n<p class=\"e_cx\"><span class=\"atm-text-decorator\"><span class=\"e_am\">l)<\/span>&nbsp;\u010cl. 63:&nbsp;<span class=\"e_am\">(1) Prezident republiky d\u00e1le j)&nbsp;<span class=\"e_al\">na\u0159izuje<\/span>, aby se trestn\u00ed \u0159\u00edzen\u00ed nezahajovalo<br><\/span>Nikoho nenapadne, \u017ee by to musel ud\u011blat, v\u0161ichni ch\u00e1pou, \u017ee m\u016f\u017ee a&nbsp;nemus\u00ed.<\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"f_cx speakable\" data-dot=\"mol-paragraph\">\n<p class=\"e_cx\"><span class=\"atm-text-decorator\">m) \u010cl. 73:&nbsp;<span class=\"e_am\">(1) P\u0159edseda vl\u00e1dy&nbsp;<span class=\"e_al\">pod\u00e1v\u00e1<\/span>demisi do rukou prezidenta republiky.<\/span><br>A&nbsp;ka\u017ed\u00e9mu je jasn\u00e9, \u017ee demisi pod\u00e1vat nemus\u00ed, \u017ee to je na jeho rozhodnut\u00ed.<\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"f_cx speakable\" data-dot=\"mol-paragraph\">\n<p class=\"e_cx\"><span class=\"atm-text-decorator\">n) \u010cl. 77:&nbsp;<span class=\"e_am\">(2) P\u0159edsedu vl\u00e1dy&nbsp;<span class=\"e_al\">zastupuje&nbsp;<\/span>m\u00edstop\u0159edseda vl\u00e1dy \u2026<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"f_cx speakable\" data-dot=\"mol-paragraph\">\n<p class=\"e_cx\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span class=\"atm-text-decorator\">Zcela jist\u011b jej zastupuje jenom v&nbsp;p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b nep\u0159\u00edtomnosti premi\u00e9ra nebo kdy\u017e si to premi\u00e9r p\u0159eje. Nen\u00ed to povinnost.<\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"f_cx speakable\" data-dot=\"mol-paragraph\">\n<p class=\"e_cx\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span class=\"atm-text-decorator\">Do t\u00e9to kategorie pat\u0159\u00ed i&nbsp;diskutovan\u00e1 ustanoven\u00ed \u010dl\u00e1nku 62&nbsp;p\u00edsm. a)&nbsp;<span class=\"e_am\">(Prezident republiky <span class=\"e_al\">jmenuje<\/span>&nbsp;a&nbsp;<span class=\"e_al\">odvol\u00e1v\u00e1<\/span>&nbsp;p\u0159edsedu a&nbsp;dal\u0161\u00ed \u010dleny vl\u00e1dy)<\/span>&nbsp;v&nbsp;kombinaci s&nbsp;\u010dl\u00e1nkem 68&nbsp;odst. (2)&nbsp;<span class=\"e_am\">P\u0159edsedu vl\u00e1dy&nbsp;<span class=\"e_al\">jmenuje<\/span>&nbsp;prezident republiky a&nbsp;na jeho n\u00e1vrh&nbsp;<span class=\"e_al\">jmenuje<\/span>&nbsp;ostatn\u00ed \u010dleny vl\u00e1dy a&nbsp;<span class=\"e_al\">pov\u011b\u0159uje<\/span>&nbsp;je \u0159\u00edzen\u00edm ministerstev nebo jin\u00fdch \u00fa\u0159ad\u016f.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"f_cx speakable\" data-dot=\"mol-paragraph\">\n<p class=\"e_cx\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span class=\"atm-text-decorator\">B\u011bsn\u00edc\u00ed spor o&nbsp;v\u00fdklad t\u011bchto \u010dl\u00e1nk\u016f vytr\u017een\u00fdch z&nbsp;celkov\u00e9ho kontextu, zda prezident mus\u00ed jmenovat navr\u017een\u00e9ho kandid\u00e1ta na ministra nen\u00ed sporem o&nbsp;zn\u011bn\u00ed \u00dastavy, je sporem o&nbsp;aktu\u00e1ln\u00ed podobu \u00fastavn\u00ed rovnov\u00e1hy. Spo\u010d\u00edv\u00e1 v&nbsp;tom, \u017ee dlouhou dobu b\u00fdvalo zvykem, \u017ee prezident p\u0159edlo\u017een\u00e9 n\u00e1vrhy akceptoval a&nbsp;ministry jmenoval. Spo\u010d\u00edv\u00e1 v&nbsp;tom, \u017ee n\u011bkte\u0159\u00ed politikov\u00e9 by si aktu\u00e1ln\u011b p\u0159\u00e1li, aby se tak stalo i&nbsp;nyn\u00ed. Spo\u010d\u00edv\u00e1 v&nbsp;tom, \u017ee n\u011bkte\u0159\u00ed politikov\u00e9 a&nbsp;n\u011bkte\u0159\u00ed pr\u00e1vn\u00edci by si p\u0159\u00e1li, aby bylo v&nbsp;\u00dastav\u011b n\u011bco jin\u00e9ho, ne\u017e tam je. Spo\u010d\u00edv\u00e1 v&nbsp;tom, \u017ee t\u011bch n\u011bkolik p\u0159\u00edpad\u016f, kdy prezident v&nbsp;minulosti okam\u017eit\u011b nejmenoval nebo neodvolal n\u011bjak\u00e9ho ministra n\u00e1\u0161 \u00fastavn\u00ed po\u0159\u00e1dek dok\u00e1zal vyv\u00e1\u017eit pr\u00e1v\u011b proto, \u017ee pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1 jemn\u00fd syst\u00e9m mod\u00e1ln\u00edch odst\u00edn\u016f pro popis vztah\u016f \u00fastavn\u00edch org\u00e1n\u016f.<\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"f_cx speakable\" data-dot=\"mol-paragraph\">\n<p class=\"e_cx\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span class=\"atm-text-decorator\">P\u0159edstava, \u017ee n\u011bjak\u00fdm zp\u016fsobem, a\u0165 u\u017e n\u00e1lezem \u00dastavn\u00edho soudu \u010di zm\u011bnou \u00dastavy zafixujeme tento \u201ekloub\u201c \u00fastavn\u00edho po\u0159\u00e1dku je myln\u00e1. Zafixov\u00e1n\u00ed by po\u0161kodilo jeho z\u00e1m\u011brnou flexibilitu. V&nbsp;t\u00e9to souvislosti si neodpust\u00edm pozn\u00e1mku (klidn\u011b jako podn\u011bt k&nbsp;diskusi), \u017ee v\u0161echny zm\u011bny doposud proveden\u00e9 v&nbsp;\u00dastav\u011b n\u00e1\u0161 \u00fastavn\u00ed po\u0159\u00e1dek po\u0161kodily.<\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"f_cx speakable\" data-dot=\"mol-paragraph\">\n<p class=\"e_cx\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span class=\"atm-text-decorator\">Krom\u011b toho je jasn\u00e9, \u017ee kdybychom na jednom (respektive dvou) z&nbsp;t\u011bch sedmdes\u00e1ti m\u00edst provedli kazuistick\u00e9 zafixov\u00e1n\u00ed diskutovan\u00fdch \u010dl\u00e1nk\u016f, m\u011blo by to n\u011bjak\u00e9 d\u016fsledky na v\u0161ech ostatn\u00edch m\u00edstech. Na v\u0161ech t\u011bchto m\u00edstech by to zm\u011bnilo \u010di posunulo jejich smysl. Museli bychom uv\u00e1\u017eit a&nbsp;prov\u00e9st zm\u011bnu na v\u0161ech t\u011bchto m\u00edstech. P\u0159esto by hrozilo riziko, \u017ee bude v\u00fdsledek nefunk\u010dn\u00ed. To u\u017e by bylo lep\u0161\u00ed napsat \u00fapln\u011b jinou \u00fastavu, ale aktu\u00e1ln\u011b na\u0161i z\u00e1konod\u00e1rci nemaj\u00ed ty dva roky \u0161kolen\u00ed v&nbsp;\u00fastavn\u00edm pr\u00e1vu na hradech z\u00e1mc\u00edch a&nbsp;chyb\u00ed i&nbsp;dobr\u00e1 v\u016fle z&nbsp;po\u010d\u00e1tku devades\u00e1t\u00fdch let, tak\u017e pochybuji, \u017ee by byl v\u00fdsledek lep\u0161\u00ed.<\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<div class=\"f_cx speakable\" data-dot=\"mol-paragraph\">\n<p class=\"e_cx\"><span class=\"atm-text-decorator\">&#8211; &#8211; &#8211; &#8211; &#8211; &#8211; &#8211; &#8211; &#8211; &#8211; &#8211; &#8211; &#8211; &#8211; &#8211; &#8211; &#8211; &#8211; &#8211; &#8211; &#8211; &#8211; &#8211; &#8211; &#8211; &#8211; &#8211; &#8211; &#8211; &#8211; &#8211; &#8211; &#8211; &#8211; &#8211; &#8211; &#8211; &#8211; &#8211; &#8211; &#8211; &#8211; &#8211;<\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"f_cx speakable\" data-dot=\"mol-paragraph\">\n<h6 class=\"e_cx\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong><span style=\"color: #999999;\"><span class=\"atm-text-decorator\">Byl jsem editorem Seznamu vyzv\u00e1n, abych uvedl v\u0161echny zdroje informac\u00ed, proto zde prohla\u0161uji, \u017ee v\u0161echny my\u0161lenky v&nbsp;tomto \u010dl\u00e1nku jsou autenticky m\u00e9 vlastn\u00ed, \u017e\u00e1dnou my\u0161lenku jsem nikomu nevzal. Pod\u00e1v\u00e1m osobn\u00ed sv\u011bdectv\u00ed o&nbsp;tom, jak na\u0161e \u00dastava vznikala. Jedin\u00fdm pramenem, ze kter\u00e9ho \u010derp\u00e1m, je platn\u00e9 zn\u011bn\u00ed \u00dastavy ve zn\u011bn\u00ed, jak je publikov\u00e1na na str\u00e1nk\u00e1ch Poslaneck\u00e9 sn\u011bmovny (https:\/\/www.psp.cz\/docs\/laws\/constitution.html) a&nbsp;pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1m obecn\u011b uzn\u00e1van\u00e1 pravidla logiky. Dr\u017e\u00edm se tak\u00e9 z\u00e1sady, \u017ee nen\u00ed mo\u017en\u00e9 v&nbsp;jednom pr\u00e1vn\u00edm dokumentu vykl\u00e1dat tent\u00fd\u017e legislativn\u00ed jazykov\u00fd v\u00fdraz r\u016fzn\u00fdm zp\u016fsobem. Tak\u017ee pokud bychom tvrdili, \u017ee prezident je povinen jmenovat ministra navr\u017een\u00e9ho p\u0159edsedou vl\u00e1dy, proto\u017ee je v&nbsp;textu \u00dastavy uvedeno pouze slovo&nbsp;<span class=\"e_am\">\u201ejmenuje\u201c<\/span>, pak bychom museli na v\u0161ech dal\u0161\u00edch v\u00edce ne\u017e sedmdes\u00e1ti m\u00edstech pou\u017e\u00edt stejn\u00fd v\u00fdklad. V\u00fdsledn\u00e9 ch\u00e1p\u00e1n\u00ed \u00dastavy by ale vedlo ke zcela nefunk\u010dn\u00ed podob\u011b a&nbsp;st\u00e1t by p\u0159estal fungovat. Nezb\u00fdv\u00e1 ne\u017e se sm\u00ed\u0159it s&nbsp;t\u00edm, \u017ee prezident je skute\u010dn\u011b jakousi dal\u0161\u00ed pojistkou \u00fastavn\u00ed rovnov\u00e1hy ,a&nbsp;to i&nbsp;v p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b takzvan\u00e9ho t\u0159et\u00edho pokusu o&nbsp;sestaven\u00ed vl\u00e1dy. Kdy\u017e jsme \u00dastavu psali, bylo n\u00e1m jasn\u00e9, \u017ee s&nbsp;ohledem na dosavadn\u00ed praxi by k&nbsp;tomu mohlo doj\u00edt jen za zcela v\u00fdjime\u010dn\u00fdch okolnost\u00ed. \u00dastavn\u00ed po\u0159\u00e1dek zdeformovan\u00fd zaveden\u00edm p\u0159\u00edm\u00e9 volby prezidenta v\u0161ak pos\u00edlil jeho postaven\u00ed natolik (je zvolen nadpolovi\u010dn\u00edm po\u010dtem hlasuj\u00edc\u00edch, co\u017e v&nbsp;pom\u011brn\u00e9m volebn\u00edm syst\u00e9mu nem\u00e1 \u017e\u00e1dn\u00fd politik ani \u017e\u00e1dn\u00e1 strana), \u017ee je zcela srozumiteln\u00e9, \u017ee tuto mo\u017enost za\u010dal prvn\u00ed p\u0159\u00edmo zvolen\u00fd prezident prost\u011b vyu\u017e\u00edvat a&nbsp;\u017ee bude nad\u00e1le vyu\u017e\u00edv\u00e1na v\u0161emi dal\u0161\u00edmi prezidenty a\u017e do t\u00e9 m\u00edry, do jak\u00e9 jim to \u00fastavn\u00ed rovnov\u00e1ha dovol\u00ed. Tedy siln\u00fd premi\u00e9r si dok\u00e1\u017ee prosadit sv\u016fj t\u00fdm a&nbsp;slab\u00fd bude muset akceptovat n\u00e1zor prezidenta. Omlouv\u00e1m se v\u0161em, kdo si snad mysleli, \u017ee jsem to od n\u011bkoho opsal.<\/span><\/span><\/strong><\/h6>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/article>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>25. 1. 2026 Do bou\u0159liv\u00e9 diskuse o&nbsp;to, zda podle \u00dastavy prezident n\u011bco mus\u00ed \u010di sm\u00ed, p\u0159in\u00e1\u0161\u00edm sv\u016fj n\u00e1zor jednoho z&nbsp;t\u011bch, kdo se na n\u011bkolikalet\u00e9m procesu tvorby \u00fastavy pod\u00edlel. Po\u010d\u00e1tkem devades\u00e1t\u00fdch&#8230; <a class=\"read-more-button\" href=\"https:\/\/www.payne.cz\/WP15\/jak-jsme-to-v-ustave-mysleli\/\">\u010c\u00edst v\u00edce &gt;<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"ngg_post_thumbnail":0,"_monsterinsights_skip_tracking":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[3],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-2991","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-clanky"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.payne.cz\/WP15\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2991","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.payne.cz\/WP15\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.payne.cz\/WP15\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.payne.cz\/WP15\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.payne.cz\/WP15\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=2991"}],"version-history":[{"count":3,"href":"https:\/\/www.payne.cz\/WP15\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2991\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":2995,"href":"https:\/\/www.payne.cz\/WP15\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2991\/revisions\/2995"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.payne.cz\/WP15\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=2991"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.payne.cz\/WP15\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=2991"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.payne.cz\/WP15\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=2991"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}