{"id":2861,"date":"2025-01-10T17:38:33","date_gmt":"2025-01-10T16:38:33","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.payne.cz\/WP15\/?p=2861"},"modified":"2025-01-10T17:38:33","modified_gmt":"2025-01-10T16:38:33","slug":"neco-mezi-muzeem-a-divadlem","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.payne.cz\/WP15\/neco-mezi-muzeem-a-divadlem\/","title":{"rendered":"N\u011bco mezi muzeem a\u00a0divadlem"},"content":{"rendered":"\n

10.1.2025<\/span><\/p>\n

Demokracie n\u00e1m nefunguje. A z nepochopiteln\u00fdch d\u016fvod\u016f se m\u00e1me vracet ke komunistick\u00e9mu pojet\u00ed parlamentu. <\/span><\/p>\n

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Co je \u00fakolem z\u00e1konod\u00e1rc\u016f? A co si p\u0159ej\u00ed ob\u010dan\u00e9? Pro v\u0161echny je d\u016fle\u017eit\u00e1 stabilita pr\u00e1vn\u00edho \u0159\u00e1du, aby se z\u00e1kony m\u011bnily co nejm\u00e9n\u011b. Ka\u017ed\u00e1 zm\u011bna z\u00e1kona toti\u017e stoj\u00ed obrovsk\u00e9 pen\u00edze. Nejenom kv\u016fli n\u00e1klad\u016fm na provoz jedn\u00e1n\u00ed Sn\u011bmovny, tak\u00e9 ztracen\u00fd \u010das, kdy tis\u00edce a n\u011bkdy statis\u00edce ob\u010dan\u016f mus\u00ed nov\u00e9 z\u00e1kony studovat. Ob\u010dan\u00e9, podnikatel\u00e9, pr\u00e1vn\u00edci, \u00fa\u0159edn\u00edci, soudci. To jsou hodn\u011b velk\u00e9 ztr\u00e1ty, a ty n\u00e1m v\u0161em sni\u017euj\u00ed \u017eivotn\u00ed \u00farove\u0148. Pot\u0159ebujeme stabiln\u00ed p\u0159edv\u00eddateln\u00e9 pr\u00e1vn\u00ed prost\u0159ed\u00ed, kter\u00e9 se m\u011bn\u00ed co nejm\u00e9n\u011b. Jen kdy\u017e to je opravdu nutn\u00e9. A plat\u00ed to i pro da\u0148ov\u00e9 p\u0159edpisy.<\/span><\/p>\n

Jednou jsem hledal, jak \u010dasto se u n\u00e1s z\u00e1kony m\u011bn\u00ed. Na\u0161el jsem p\u0159\u00edpad, kdy se tent\u00fd\u017e z\u00e1kon m\u011bnil desetkr\u00e1t za rok. V pr\u016fm\u011bru platil p\u011bt t\u00fddn\u016f. P\u0159i n\u011bjak\u00e9 \u0161est\u00e9 novelizaci vl\u00e1da v d\u016fvodov\u00e9 zpr\u00e1v\u011b vysv\u011btlovala, \u017ee <\/span>\u201evl\u00e1dn\u00ed n\u00e1vrh odstra\u0148uje nezam\u00fd\u0161len\u00e9 negativn\u00ed d\u016fsledky p\u0159edchoz\u00ed novelizace\u201c<\/span>. Jak si m\u00e1 ob\u010dan zapamatovat, kter\u00e1 verze z\u00e1kona plat\u00ed?<\/span><\/p>\n

Z\u00e1kony maj\u00ed vytvo\u0159it st\u00e1l\u00e9, p\u0159edv\u00eddateln\u00e9 prost\u0159ed\u00ed. M\u011blo by se m\u011bnit co nejm\u00e9n\u011b. A z\u00e1kony by se m\u011bly m\u011bnit zdlouhavou slo\u017eitou procedurou. Zvl\u00e1\u0161\u0165 kdy\u017e se tvrd\u00ed, \u017ee neznalost z\u00e1kona neomlouv\u00e1. Naopak vl\u00e1dn\u00ed vyhl\u00e1\u0161ky a na\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed, kter\u00e9 se mohou m\u011bnit \u010dast\u011bji a snadn\u011bji, nikdy nesm\u00ed p\u0159ekro\u010dit hranice z\u00e1konn\u00e9ho zmocn\u011bn\u00ed, od kter\u00e9ho se odvozuj\u00ed.<\/span><\/p>\n

Pro\u010d pot\u0159ebujeme zdlouhav\u00e9 projedn\u00e1v\u00e1n\u00ed z\u00e1kon\u016f? \u00dastavn\u00ed pr\u00e1vo usiluje vytvo\u0159it vyv\u00e1\u017een\u00fd syst\u00e9m, kter\u00fd se snadno z rovnov\u00e1hy snadno vych\u00fdl\u00ed, kdy\u017e je pot\u0159eba, tak\u017ee m\u016f\u017ee citliv\u011b reagovat na situaci. V\u00fdkonn\u00e1 moc mus\u00ed b\u00fdt siln\u00e1 a rychl\u00e1, mus\u00ed \u0159e\u0161it nal\u00e9hav\u00e9 situace, mus\u00ed reprezentovat z\u00e1jmy st\u00e1tu, mus\u00ed b\u00fdt efektivn\u00ed. Rychl\u00e1, ale omezen\u00e1. Sm\u00ed d\u011blat jenom, to, co j\u00ed dovoluj\u00ed z\u00e1kony.<\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n

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Z\u00e1kony schvaluje parlament. Ten reprezentuje v\u016fli a z\u00e1jmy voli\u010d\u016f. Pokud mo\u017eno v\u0161ech ob\u010dan\u016f. \u00dakoly vl\u00e1dy a parlamentu jsou tedy odli\u0161n\u00e9, n\u011bkdy dokonce protich\u016fdn\u00e9. Parlament je siln\u011bj\u0161\u00ed, ne\u017e vl\u00e1da. Teoreticky by mohl vl\u00e1dnout prost\u0159ednictv\u00edm z\u00e1kon\u016f, nebo n\u011bjak\u00fdch dekret\u016f, klidn\u011b si m\u016f\u017ee si n\u011bco takov\u00e9ho vytvo\u0159it, sta\u010d\u00ed k tomu mal\u00e1 zm\u011bna \u00fastavy. Parlamentn\u00ed diktatura pat\u0159\u00ed mezi ty nejhor\u0161\u00ed, m\u016f\u017ee b\u00fdt krvav\u00e1 jako za francouzsk\u00e9 revoluce. Parlament m\u016f\u017ee vl\u00e1du odvolat, kdy\u017e chce. Prost\u011b je siln\u011bj\u0161\u00ed. A cokoli parlament schv\u00e1l\u00ed, mus\u00ed vl\u00e1da mus\u00ed respektovat. V\u00fdkonn\u00e1 a z\u00e1konod\u00e1rn\u00e1 moc maj\u00ed rozd\u00edlnou podstatu. A aby existovala rovnov\u00e1ha, mus\u00ed st\u00e1t proti rychl\u00e9 vl\u00e1d\u011b pomal\u00e1 z\u00e1konod\u00e1rn\u00e1 moc. Siln\u011bj\u0161\u00ed, ale pomalej\u0161\u00ed. <\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n

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Rovnov\u00e1ha v\u00fdkonn\u00e9 a z\u00e1konod\u00e1rn\u00e9 moci je jako kdy\u017e se balancuje se smet\u00e1kem na rozta\u017een\u00e9 dlani. Jakoukoli v\u00fdchylku smet\u00e1ku od svisl\u00e9 osy vyrovn\u00e1v\u00e1 pohyb dlan\u011b, tak\u017ee se rovnov\u00e1ha zase obnov\u00ed. Ruka je rychl\u00e1, smet\u00e1k m\u00e1 zase setrva\u010dnost.<\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n

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Kdy\u017e jsme psali na\u0161i \u00dastavu a jednac\u00ed \u0159\u00e1d, usilovali jsme, aby byl parlament hodn\u011b pomal\u00fd. Byl to jeden z d\u016fvod\u016f, pro\u010d m\u00edt dv\u011b komory, legislativn\u00ed proces se t\u00edm p\u0159ibrzd\u00ed. Jednac\u00ed \u0159\u00e1d p\u016fvodn\u011b v\u016fbec nem\u011bl mo\u017enost zrychlen\u00e9ho projedn\u00e1n\u00ed z\u00e1kona se zkr\u00e1cen\u00fdmi lh\u016ftami, z\u00e1kon mus\u00ed p\u0159ece \u201euzr\u00e1t\u201c, to se tam dostalo a\u017e dodate\u010dn\u011b. Proz\u00edravost a rozv\u00e1\u017enost vl\u00e1dy vytv\u00e1\u0159\u00ed \u010dasov\u00fd prostor, aby vznikaly dobr\u00e9 z\u00e1kony. Ni\u010demu to ne\u0161kod\u00ed. Vl\u00e1da prost\u011b mus\u00ed p\u0159ipravovat n\u00e1vrhy z\u00e1kon\u016f s p\u0159edstihem. To je spr\u00e1vn\u00e9. Dokonce mohou nastat situace, \u017ee vl\u00e1da mus\u00ed projednat zn\u011bn\u00ed z\u00e1kona i s opozic\u00ed, proto\u017ee z\u00e1kon se v jednom volebn\u00edm obdob\u00ed p\u0159iprav\u00ed, a v druh\u00e9m se bude schvalovat. Nebo se v jednom obdob\u00ed schv\u00e1l\u00ed a v n\u00e1sleduj\u00edc\u00edm se mus\u00ed naplnit. Kontinuita je p\u0159ece v z\u00e1jmu ob\u010dan\u016f.<\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n

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\u010c\u00edm del\u0161\u00ed projedn\u00e1v\u00e1n\u00ed z\u00e1kona, t\u00edm l\u00e9pe. Je zn\u00e1mo, \u017ee za Habsburk\u016f se jeden d\u016fle\u017eit\u00fd z\u00e1kon p\u0159ipravoval sto let, pak se cvi\u010dn\u011b spustil na mal\u00e9m \u00fazem\u00ed, a teprve kdy\u017e byla jistota, \u017ee je dobr\u00fd, za\u010dal platit v\u0161ude. A v Rakousku plat\u00ed dodnes v\u00edc ne\u017e sto let. <\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n

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Ob\u010dan pot\u0159ebuje \u010das sezn\u00e1mit se s t\u00edm, co se projedn\u00e1v\u00e1, \u010das nav\u0161t\u00edvit sv\u00e9ho volen\u00e9ho z\u00e1stupce, napsat mu dopis, reagovat na jeho p\u00edsemnou odpov\u011b\u010f. Dot\u010den\u00e9 skupiny ob\u010dan\u016f maj\u00ed mo\u017enost domluvit se na spole\u010dn\u00fdch po\u017eadavc\u00edch. M\u00e9dia mezit\u00edm podrobn\u011b sezn\u00e1m\u00ed ve\u0159ejnost s ka\u017ed\u00fdm bodem, kter\u00fd se projedn\u00e1v\u00e1.<\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n

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V komunistick\u00e9m re\u017eimu se vtipkovalo o tom, \u017ee parlament je n\u011bco mezi muzeem a divadlem – budova Feder\u00e1ln\u00edho shrom\u00e1\u017ed\u011bn\u00ed byla postavena uprost\u0159ed mezi N\u00e1rodn\u00edm muzeem a budovou dne\u0161n\u00ed Opery, v n\u00ed\u017e bylo tehdy divadlo. Parlament mrtv\u00fd jako expon\u00e1ty v muzeu byl jenom kulisou, divadlem, ve skute\u010dnosti nerozhodoval. Prakticky to vypadalo tak, \u017ee tajemn\u00edk v\u00fdboru za mimo\u0159\u00e1dnou loajalitu n\u011bkter\u00e9ho poslance vybral, p\u0159edal mu napsan\u00fd projev a dal mu dovolen\u00ed vystoupit na plen\u00e1rn\u00ed sch\u016fzi. Takov\u00fd parlament fungoval efektivn\u011b, nikdy neodhlasoval nic, co by se komunistick\u00e9 stran\u011b a vl\u00e1d\u011b nel\u00edbilo, nikdy nem\u011bl vlastn\u00ed n\u00e1zor. V\u017edycky splnil pl\u00e1n, toti\u017e p\u0159esn\u011bji \u0159e\u010deno v\u017edy efektivn\u011b a rychle schv\u00e1lil, co vl\u00e1da navrhla.<\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n

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Pokud v tomto volebn\u00edm obdob\u00ed n\u011bjac\u00ed poslanci prov\u00e1d\u011bj\u00ed obstrukce, m\u011bli by v tom b\u00fdt povzbuzov\u00e1ni. \u010c\u00edm d\u00e9le, t\u00edm l\u00e9pe. Pro spole\u010dnost je to prosp\u011b\u0161n\u00e9 ze dvou d\u016fvod\u016f. Jednak m\u00e1 ve\u0159ejnost v\u00edce \u010dasu d\u00e1t najevo sv\u016fj n\u00e1zor, tak\u017ee je mo\u017en\u00e9, \u017ee se n\u00e1vrh zkvalitn\u00ed, a jednak proto, \u017ee se uk\u00e1\u017ee impotence t\u011bch, kdo ty obstrukce d\u011blaj\u00ed. \u010cekal bych, \u017ee m\u00e9dia, kter\u00e1 maj\u00ed alespo\u0148 trochu pon\u011bt\u00ed o \u00fastavn\u00edm pr\u00e1vu, budou povzbuzovat obstruk\u010dn\u00edky, aby co nejd\u00e9le mluvili. Proto\u017ee se t\u00edm ztrapn\u00ed. V \u00dastav\u011b jsme s t\u00edm po\u010d\u00edtali, kdyby to s obstrukcemi p\u0159ehnali, pak po t\u0159ech m\u011bs\u00edc\u00edch nep\u0159ijet\u00ed usnesen\u00ed k vl\u00e1dn\u00edmu n\u00e1vrhu, se kter\u00fdm vl\u00e1da spojila ot\u00e1zku d\u016fv\u011bry, riskuj\u00ed p\u0159ed\u010dasn\u00e9 volby. Po\u010d\u00edtali jsme se t\u0159emi m\u011bs\u00edci obstrukc\u00ed. <\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n

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To co pot\u0159ebujeme je kvalita, nikoli rychlost. C\u00edlem demokratick\u00e9ho syst\u00e9mu je umo\u017enit, aby se p\u0159i spole\u010dn\u00fdch rozhodnut\u00edch minimalizovalo nap\u011bt\u00ed. Ka\u017ed\u00e9 nap\u011bt\u00ed ve spole\u010dnosti je toti\u017e drah\u00e9. Ve \u0160v\u00fdcarsku dokonce debatuj\u00ed o tom, \u017ee nadpolovi\u010dn\u00ed v\u011bt\u0161ina p\u0159i hlasov\u00e1n\u00ed nesta\u010d\u00ed. Dokud existuje mo\u017enost, \u017ee by se prodlou\u017een\u00edm lh\u016fty dos\u00e1hlo hlub\u0161\u00edho souhlasu s n\u00e1vrhem, m\u011blo by se s hlasov\u00e1n\u00edm po\u010dkat. Rychlost schvalov\u00e1n\u00ed je na \u0161kodu, po\u0161kozuje spole\u010dnost. <\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n

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V na\u0161ich m\u00e9di\u00edch b\u011b\u017e\u00ed jak\u00e1si spont\u00e1nn\u00ed kampa\u0148 novin\u00e1\u0159\u016f za zm\u011bnu jednac\u00edho \u0159\u00e1du Sn\u011bmovny. Dob\u0159e pamatujeme, jak si m\u00e9dia prosadila p\u0159\u00edmou volbu prezidenta, a\u010dkoli je mnoz\u00ed pr\u00e1vn\u00edci upozor\u0148ovali, \u017ee to je \u00fapln\u011b \u0161patn\u011b. Nyn\u00ed hroz\u00ed, \u017ee si nezodpov\u011bdn\u00ed novin\u00e1\u0159i prosad\u00ed komunistickou efektivitu v jednac\u00edm \u0159\u00e1du Sn\u011bmovny. Nev\u00edm, pro\u010d n\u00e1s na\u0161i hl\u00eddac\u00ed psi demokracie cht\u011bj\u00ed zavl\u00e9ct do ba\u017ein, v nich\u017e parlament jedn\u00e1 efektivn\u011b, jako za komunismu.<\/span><\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

\"N\u00e1rodn\u00ed<\/a><\/p>\n

\"St\u00e1tn\u00ed<\/a><\/p>\n<\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

10.1.2025 Demokracie n\u00e1m nefunguje. A z nepochopiteln\u00fdch d\u016fvod\u016f se m\u00e1me vracet ke komunistick\u00e9mu pojet\u00ed parlamentu. Co je \u00fakolem z\u00e1konod\u00e1rc\u016f? A co si p\u0159ej\u00ed ob\u010dan\u00e9? Pro v\u0161echny je d\u016fle\u017eit\u00e1 stabilita pr\u00e1vn\u00edho \u0159\u00e1du,… \u010c\u00edst v\u00edce ><\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"ngg_post_thumbnail":0,"_monsterinsights_skip_tracking":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_active":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_note":"","_monsterinsights_sitenote_category":0,"footnotes":""},"categories":[3],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-2861","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-clanky"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.payne.cz\/WP15\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2861","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.payne.cz\/WP15\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.payne.cz\/WP15\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.payne.cz\/WP15\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.payne.cz\/WP15\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=2861"}],"version-history":[{"count":4,"href":"https:\/\/www.payne.cz\/WP15\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2861\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":2867,"href":"https:\/\/www.payne.cz\/WP15\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2861\/revisions\/2867"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.payne.cz\/WP15\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=2861"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.payne.cz\/WP15\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=2861"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.payne.cz\/WP15\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=2861"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}