{"id":2594,"date":"2023-04-10T09:40:57","date_gmt":"2023-04-10T08:40:57","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.payne.cz\/WP15\/?p=2594"},"modified":"2023-04-10T09:40:57","modified_gmt":"2023-04-10T08:40:57","slug":"nase-vlastni-inflace-generovana-deformovanym-trhem","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.payne.cz\/WP15\/nase-vlastni-inflace-generovana-deformovanym-trhem\/","title":{"rendered":"Na\u0161e vlastn\u00ed inflace generovan\u00e1 deformovan\u00fdm trhem"},"content":{"rendered":"\n

10.4.2023<\/span><\/p>\n

Na\u0161e tr\u017en\u00ed prost\u0159ed\u00ed je deformovan\u00e9. Podnikatel\u00e9 z velk\u00e9 \u010d\u00e1sti reaguj\u00ed na pokra\u010duj\u00edc\u00ed inflaci zdra\u017eov\u00e1n\u00edm v oblasti sv\u00e9ho podnik\u00e1n\u00ed. Inflace je ned\u011bs\u00ed, proto\u017ee za v\u0161ech okolnost\u00ed zvy\u0161ov\u00e1n\u00edm sv\u00fdch cen pro sebe inflaci vykompenzuj\u00ed tak, aby jim \u017eivotn\u00ed \u00farove\u0148 neklesla. Tito lid\u00e9 hrd\u011b a ostentativn\u011b nakupuj\u00ed drah\u00e9 potraviny. D\u00e1vaj\u00ed najevo, \u017ee jsou jakousi lep\u0161\u00ed t\u0159\u00eddou. Dokonce je pravd\u011bpodobn\u00e9, \u017ee jim inflace vyhovuje, nebo\u0165 trh reaguje na inflaci se zpo\u017ed\u011bn\u00edm, zat\u00edmco oni inflaci p\u0159edv\u00eddaj\u00ed a zdra\u017euj\u00ed preventivn\u011b. Jejich zisky rostou, v makroekonomick\u00fdch statistik\u00e1ch to vypad\u00e1, jakoby rostla ekonomika, i kdy\u017e vlastn\u011b neroste.<\/p>\n

V rozpolcen\u00e9 spole\u010dnosti tvo\u0159\u00ed druhou kategorii ob\u010dan\u016f zam\u011bstnanci a ostatn\u00ed, kte\u0159\u00ed nemaj\u00ed co zdra\u017eit. Na n\u011b dopad\u00e1 inflace drtiv\u011b. Utlumili svou spot\u0159ebu a v podstat\u011b nakupuj\u00ed jen ve slev\u00e1ch. Podle n\u011bkter\u00fdch \u00fadaj\u016f se z\u00e1kladn\u00ed \u017eivotn\u00ed pot\u0159eby prod\u00e1vaj\u00ed ve slev\u00e1ch ji\u017e nyn\u00ed ze 60%, a ur\u010dit\u00e9 produkty se prod\u00e1vaj\u00ed ve slev\u011b dokonce z 80%. Trh se st\u00e1v\u00e1 nevyzpytateln\u00fdm, jako loterie: mo\u017en\u00e1 n\u00e1hodou p\u0159i tro\u0161e \u0161t\u011bst\u00ed n\u011bkde natref\u00edm na slevu. Jen\u017ee v takov\u00e9m prost\u0159ed\u00ed se nemohu rozumn\u011b rozhodovat. <\/p>\n

Lid\u00e9 v t\u00e9to kategorii jsou nespokojen\u00ed, n\u011bkte\u0159\u00ed z nich se snadno nechaj\u00ed zl\u00e1kat k agresivn\u00edm demonstrac\u00edm. Vytv\u00e1\u0159ej\u00ed obrovskou masu popt\u00e1vky, proto\u017ee zejm\u00e9na potraviny nakupovat mus\u00ed. A proto\u017ee nakupuj\u00ed ve slev\u011b prakticky v\u0161echno, dramaticky se t\u00edm z\u00e1rove\u0148 sni\u017euje kvalita prod\u00e1van\u00fdch potravin. Ani st\u00e1tn\u00ed, ani medi\u00e1ln\u00ed kontroly kvality nedok\u00e1\u017e\u00ed tento trend zm\u011bnit.<\/p>\n

\"\"<\/a><\/p>\n

Na klasick\u00e9m grafu v na\u0161em deformovan\u00e9m prost\u0159ed\u00ed vytv\u00e1\u0159\u00ed nab\u00eddka a popt\u00e1vka dva rovnov\u00e1\u017en\u00e9 stavy. Nen\u00ed to \u00fapln\u00e1 novinka. Nap\u0159\u00edklad v dob\u011b, kdy zvolna kon\u010dila distribuce film\u016f na DVD nosi\u010d\u00edch jsme mohli n\u011bkolik rok\u016f sledovat na trhu podobnou situaci. Stejn\u00fd film byl v trochu luxusn\u011bj\u0161\u00edm obalu  na stejn\u00e9m prodejn\u00edm m\u00edst\u011b k dost\u00e1n\u00ed za cenu kolem 500 K\u010d, zat\u00edmco na opa\u010dn\u00e9m konci stejn\u00e9 prodejny se prod\u00e1val v pap\u00edrov\u00e9m obalu za lidovou cenu kolem 50 K\u010d. A na obou tr\u017en\u00edch cen\u00e1ch prodejce vyd\u011bl\u00e1val. Takov\u00fdch p\u0159\u00edklad\u016f je v\u00edce. <\/p>\n

Sleva m\u00e1 smysl kdy\u017e se m\u00e1 rychle doprodat zbo\u017e\u00ed s bl\u00ed\u017e\u00edc\u00ed se expirac\u00ed. Jen\u017ee u n\u00e1s se staly slevy z\u00e1kladem reklamn\u00edch strategi\u00ed: \u0159et\u011bzce l\u00e1kaj\u00ed pouze na vybran\u00e9 slevy, aby zv\u00fd\u0161ily pravd\u011bpodobnost, \u017ee pak nal\u00e1kan\u00fdm lidem prodaj\u00ed jin\u00e9 p\u0159edra\u017een\u00e9 produkty. N\u011bkter\u00e9 \u0159et\u011bzce otev\u0159en\u011b p\u0159izn\u00e1vaj\u00ed, \u017ee cel\u00e1 jejich prodejn\u00ed strategie je zalo\u017een\u00e1 na slevov\u00e9 taktice. Vznik\u00e1 ot\u00e1zka, kter\u00e1 cena je ta tr\u017en\u00ed – hra se slevami toti\u017e umo\u017e\u0148uje prod\u00e1vat za ceny v\u00fdrazn\u011b vy\u0161\u0161\u00ed, ne\u017e je tr\u017en\u00ed cena, p\u0159\u00edpadnou konkurenci potom odstran\u00ed okam\u017eit\u00e1 sleva. Ob\u010dan\u00e9 v takov\u00e9m syst\u00e9mu tr\u00e1v\u00ed nep\u0159im\u011b\u0159en\u011b mnoho \u010dasu vyhled\u00e1v\u00e1n\u00edm slev, m\u00edsto aby vyv\u00edjeli n\u011bjakou vlastn\u00ed produktivn\u00ed \u010dinnost. A produktivita kles\u00e1, trh je nep\u0159edv\u00eddateln\u00fd, cenov\u00e1 stabilita v kritick\u00fdch situac\u00edch nemo\u017en\u00e1. <\/p>\n

V n\u011bkter\u00fdch zem\u00edch by za takov\u00fdch okolnost\u00ed zafungoval st\u0159edn\u00ed stav. Drobn\u00ed podnikatel\u00e9 by prost\u011b nab\u00eddli stejn\u00e9 zbo\u017e\u00ed za ni\u017e\u0161\u00ed cenu. Jen\u017ee u n\u00e1s velkododavatel\u00e9 \u010dasto drobn\u00fdm klient\u016fm odm\u00edtaj\u00ed prod\u00e1vat, co\u017e je poru\u0161en\u00edm tr\u017en\u00edch z\u00e1sad, ale u n\u00e1s to nen\u00ed nijak sankcionov\u00e1no. Hust\u00e1 s\u00ed\u0165 mal\u00fdch ve\u010derek je z\u00e1sobov\u00e1na p\u0159eprod\u00e1v\u00e1n\u00edm potravin nakoupen\u00fdch u velk\u00fdch \u0159et\u011bzc\u016f, samoz\u0159ejm\u011b s p\u0159ir\u00e1\u017ekou, tak\u017ee tuto roli nepln\u00ed. To pop\u00edr\u00e1 konkurenci. A naru\u0161uje to trh. St\u0159edn\u00ed stav byl u n\u00e1s zdecimov\u00e1n nap\u0159ed politikou soci\u00e1ln\u00ed demokracie, kter\u00e1 l\u00e9ta d\u00e1vala najevo, \u017ee chce z \u017eivnostn\u00edk\u016f-pijavic ud\u011blat zam\u011bstnance, potom \u0159adou chybn\u00fdch vl\u00e1dn\u00edch rozhodnut\u00ed v dob\u011b pandemie (des\u00edtky z nich byly soudn\u011b zru\u0161eny, ale v\u011bt\u0161inou p\u0159\u00edli\u0161 pozd\u011b), nyn\u00ed jim mo\u017en\u00e1 hroz\u00ed n\u011bco, co by se dalo nazvat da\u0148ov\u00fdm pron\u00e1sledov\u00e1n\u00edm. P\u0159itom n\u00e1\u0161 trh pot\u0159ebuje prav\u00fd opak: st\u0159edn\u00ed t\u0159\u00edda pot\u0159ebuje v\u00fdraznou ochranu, deregulaci, pravidla nem\u011bn\u00edc\u00ed se po des\u00edtky let a des\u00edtky let se nem\u011bn\u00edc\u00ed dan\u011b i da\u0148ov\u00e1 p\u0159izn\u00e1n\u00ed. Pot\u0159ebujeme, aby st\u0159edn\u00ed stav vytvo\u0159il protiv\u00e1hu velk\u00fdch spole\u010dnost\u00ed.<\/p>\n

Teoreticky by nyn\u00ed mohli zafungovat mal\u00ed dovozci, kte\u0159\u00ed by nakoupili n\u011bkde v zahrani\u010d\u00ed a dovezli by produkty na n\u00e1\u0161 trh. Jen\u017ee zkusme se v\u017e\u00edt do jejich situace: pro\u010d by m\u011bli prod\u00e1vat za ni\u017e\u0161\u00ed tr\u017en\u00ed cenu, kdy\u017e mohou prod\u00e1vat za tu vy\u0161\u0161\u00ed rovnov\u00e1\u017enou cenu, p\u0159i kter\u00e9 je nab\u00eddka a popt\u00e1vka tak\u00e9 v rovnov\u00e1ze. Svou \u010dinnost\u00ed mo\u017en\u00e1 nepatrn\u011b sn\u00ed\u017e\u00ed tu vy\u0161\u0161\u00ed tr\u017en\u00ed cenu, ale k obnoven\u00ed funkce zdrav\u00e9ho trhu to nepom\u016f\u017ee, velk\u00e9 molochy tak jako tak porazit neok\u00e1\u017e\u00ed. A oni si p\u0159ece tak\u00e9 pot\u0159ebuj\u00ed v dob\u011b inflace udr\u017eet \u017eivotn\u00ed \u00farove\u0148. <\/p>\n

Takto strukturovan\u00e1 inflace sama od sebe nezmiz\u00ed. Odm\u00edt\u00e1m tvrzen\u00ed, \u017ee inflace je u n\u00e1s vyvol\u00e1na cenami energi\u00ed, proto\u017ee ty byly u\u017e d\u00e1vno zakalkulov\u00e1ny do cen a d\u00e1l nerostou. Cenami energi\u00ed nelze vysv\u011btlit zdra\u017een\u00ed n\u011bkter\u00fdch produkt\u016f na v\u00edce ne\u017e dvojn\u00e1sobek. Krom\u011b toho n\u011bkter\u00e9 \u010desk\u00e9 produkty jsou k dost\u00e1n\u00ed v zahrani\u010d\u00ed levn\u011bji, ne\u017e u n\u00e1s \u2013 co\u017e zcela pop\u00edr\u00e1 p\u0159edstavu, \u017ee za inflaci mohou energie. Inflace pokra\u010duje, proto\u017ee je pro mnoh\u00e9 podnikatele v\u00fdhodn\u00e1. Nejistota na trhu je pro n\u011b v\u00fdhodn\u00e1. Je to na\u0161e vlastn\u00ed inflace generovan\u00e1 deformovan\u00fdm trhem. <\/p>\n

Pokud plat\u00ed tato interpretace, jsou n\u00e1vrhy na vl\u00e1dn\u00ed regulaci mar\u017e\u00ed, kter\u00e9  zazn\u00edvaj\u00ed, \u00fapln\u00fdm nesmyslem. Auto\u0159i opisuj\u00ed od soused\u016f s dlouhodob\u011b funguj\u00edc\u00edm trhem a to se n\u011bkdy nevypl\u00e1c\u00ed. Kdy\u017e budeme zkoumat tvorbu cen, mo\u017en\u00e1 dokonce zjist\u00edme, \u017ee mar\u017ee nejsou nijak z\u00e1vratn\u00e9. Obalov\u00e9 materi\u00e1ly se zdra\u017euj\u00ed p\u0159esn\u011b podle prob\u00edhaj\u00edc\u00ed inflace. P\u0159epravce, aby si udr\u017eel svou \u017eivotn\u00ed \u00farove\u0148, tak\u00e9 v cen\u00e1ch kop\u00edruje inflaci. Podobn\u011b firmy, kter\u00e9 zbo\u017e\u00ed skladuj\u00ed. Prodejci tak\u00e9 vykazuj\u00ed r\u016fst v\u0161ech n\u00e1klad\u016f, po\u010d\u00ednaje mzdami, p\u0159es naj\u00edman\u00e9 bezpe\u010dnostn\u00ed agentury a\u017e po \u00fadr\u017eb\u00e1\u0159e a \u0159emesln\u00edky. V\u0161ichni zdra\u017eili a v souhrnu se to prom\u00edtlo do ceny. Slevy v mnoha p\u0159\u00edpadech nejsou podvodem, ale skute\u010dn\u00fdmi v\u00fdprodeji. Nav\u00edc regulace mar\u017e\u00ed, kter\u00e9 se n\u011bkte\u0159\u00ed do\u017eaduj\u00ed, nem\u016f\u017ee existovat nav\u011bky a \u017e\u00e1dn\u00e1 regulace nedok\u00e1\u017ee obnovit fungov\u00e1n\u00ed trhu. Regulace mar\u017e\u00ed by postihla p\u0159edev\u0161\u00edm ty drobn\u00e9 dovozce, kter\u00e9 bychom pr\u00e1v\u011b pro obnoven\u00ed skute\u010dn\u00e9ho trhu pot\u0159ebovali.   <\/p>\n

Budeme-li cht\u00edt obnovit fungov\u00e1n\u00ed tr\u017en\u00edch mechanism\u016f, budeme se muset rozlou\u010dit se slevami. Mo\u017en\u00e1 kv\u016fli tomu budou n\u011bkte\u0159\u00ed plakat a jin\u00ed budou demonstrovat. Ur\u010dit\u011b by se dalo vymyslet v\u00edcero mo\u017enost\u00ed, jak postupovat. Nap\u0159\u00edklad by bylo mo\u017en\u00e9 z\u00e1konem stanovit, \u017ee v\u00fdprodeje maj\u00ed stanoven\u00e1 n\u011bjak\u00e1 pravidla, t\u0159eba, \u017ee se u n\u011bkter\u00fdch produkt\u016f nemohou konat celoro\u010dn\u011b.  Nebo \u017ee objem pod\u00e1van\u00e9ho produktu ve slev\u011b nesm\u00ed p\u0159ekro\u010dit 10%, jinak bude nezlevn\u011bn\u00fd produkt drakonicky zda\u0148ov\u00e1n jako prodej naru\u0161uj\u00edc\u00ed fungov\u00e1n\u00ed trhu. Prodejn\u00ed strategie zalo\u017een\u00e1 na existenci dvou rovnov\u00e1\u017en\u00fdch tr\u017en\u00edch cen je podobn\u00fdm poru\u0161en\u00edm tr\u017en\u00edch z\u00e1sad, jako kartelov\u00e1 dohoda, a m\u00e1 stejn\u00e9 d\u016fsledky. Firmy se na n\u00ed ale nemus\u00ed domlouvat, proto\u017ee oba rovnov\u00e1\u017en\u00e9 body snadno prakticky najdou. Antimonopoln\u00ed \u00fa\u0159ad by m\u011bl dostat pravomoc takovouto prodejn\u00ed taktiku postihovat.<\/p>\n

Abychom obnovili fungov\u00e1n\u00ed trhu, bude nutn\u00e9 podniknout je\u0161t\u011b dal\u0161\u00ed kroky. Nebude to jednoduch\u00fd proces a bude n\u011bjakou dobu trvat. M\u016f\u017ee p\u0159in\u00e9st i vyhrocen\u00e9 situace. Ale za jist\u00e9 lze pova\u017eovat to, \u017ee k funguj\u00edc\u00edmu trhu se nedostaneme vl\u00e1dn\u00edmi regulacemi. Naopak: deregulac\u00ed a podporou svobodn\u00e9 sout\u011b\u017ee. <\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

10.4.2023 Na\u0161e tr\u017en\u00ed prost\u0159ed\u00ed je deformovan\u00e9. Podnikatel\u00e9 z velk\u00e9 \u010d\u00e1sti reaguj\u00ed na pokra\u010duj\u00edc\u00ed inflaci zdra\u017eov\u00e1n\u00edm v oblasti sv\u00e9ho podnik\u00e1n\u00ed. Inflace je ned\u011bs\u00ed, proto\u017ee za v\u0161ech okolnost\u00ed zvy\u0161ov\u00e1n\u00edm sv\u00fdch cen pro… \u010c\u00edst v\u00edce ><\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"ngg_post_thumbnail":0,"_monsterinsights_skip_tracking":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_active":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_note":"","_monsterinsights_sitenote_category":0,"footnotes":""},"categories":[3],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-2594","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-clanky"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.payne.cz\/WP15\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2594","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.payne.cz\/WP15\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.payne.cz\/WP15\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.payne.cz\/WP15\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.payne.cz\/WP15\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=2594"}],"version-history":[{"count":6,"href":"https:\/\/www.payne.cz\/WP15\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2594\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":2608,"href":"https:\/\/www.payne.cz\/WP15\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2594\/revisions\/2608"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.payne.cz\/WP15\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=2594"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.payne.cz\/WP15\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=2594"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.payne.cz\/WP15\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=2594"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}