{"id":1981,"date":"2020-10-28T18:26:58","date_gmt":"2020-10-28T17:26:58","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.payne.cz\/WP15\/?p=1981"},"modified":"2020-10-28T18:35:26","modified_gmt":"2020-10-28T17:35:26","slug":"proc-slavime-den-kdy-vznikl-jiny-stat","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.payne.cz\/WP15\/proc-slavime-den-kdy-vznikl-jiny-stat\/","title":{"rendered":"Pro\u010d slav\u00edme den, kdy vznikl jin\u00fd st\u00e1t"},"content":{"rendered":"\n
28.10.2020<\/span><\/div>\n
 <\/div>\n
\n

Pro n\u00e1s je to DEN NEZ\u00c1VISLOSTI, st\u00e1tn\u00ed sv\u00e1tek 28. \u0159\u00edjen. A hlavn\u00ed osobnost\u00ed na\u0161\u00ed svobody a samostatnosti je Dr. ALOIS RA\u0160\u00cdN. Nez\u00e1vislost a svobodu l\u00e9ta p\u0159ipravoval, prom\u00fd\u0161lel a organisoval. <\/p>\n<\/div>\n

\n

Ra\u0161\u00edn od studentsk\u00fdch let usiloval o samostatnost \u010desk\u00fdch zem\u00ed, Masaryk ho za to nem\u011bl r\u00e1d, sna\u017eil se prosazovat federalizaci Rakouska. Hodn\u011b Ra\u0161\u00edna nem\u011bl r\u00e1d.<\/p>\n

Na z\u00e1v\u011br sv\u00e9ho studia pr\u00e1v napsal Ra\u0161\u00edn bro\u017eurku \u010cesk\u00e9 st\u00e1tn\u00ed pr\u00e1vo (1891), kv\u016fli kter\u00e9 ho vy\u0161et\u0159ovaly rakousk\u00e9 \u00fa\u0159ady. Podporoval v t\u00e9 dob\u011b mlado\u010deskou politiku. Zapojil se do \u010dinnosti Omladiny natolik aktivn\u011b, \u017ee kv\u016fli tomu byl 14.2.1894 uv\u011bzn\u011bn na Borech v Plzni. Soud mu odebral akademick\u00fd titul, ale po amnestii v listopadu 1895 jej z\u00edskal zp\u011bt.<\/p>\n

Ra\u0161\u00edn podpo\u0159il zalo\u017een\u00ed nov\u00e9 politick\u00e9 strany. Jmenovala se \u010cesk\u00e1 strana st\u00e1topr\u00e1vn\u00ed, ale tak\u00e9 Radik\u00e1ln\u011b st\u00e1topr\u00e1vn\u00ed strana. Pod\u00edlel se na p\u0159em\u011bn\u011b Radik\u00e1ln\u00edch list\u016f na den\u00edk.<\/p>\n

\u010clenem N\u00e1rodn\u00ed strany svobodomysln\u00e9 se Ra\u0161\u00edn stal v roce 1907 pot\u00e9, co se zm\u011bnilo veden\u00ed mlado\u010dech\u016f. Ve volb\u00e1ch do \u0158\u00ed\u0161sk\u00e9 rady roku 1911 se stal poslancem rakousk\u00e9 \u0158\u00ed\u0161sk\u00e9 rady (celost\u00e1tn\u00ed parlament), kam byl zvolen za okrsek \u010cechy 31 (Klatovy). Usedl do poslaneck\u00e9 frakce \u010cesk\u00fd klub. Na \u0158\u00ed\u0161sk\u00e9 rad\u011b p\u016fsobil ve finan\u010dn\u00edm a rozpo\u010dtov\u00e9m v\u00fdboru. Mand\u00e1t ztratil 30. kv\u011btna 1917 na z\u00e1klad\u011b pravomocn\u00e9ho rozsudku z 20. listopadu 1916.<\/p>\n

\"Na<\/a>
<\/small><\/div>\n

Po vypuknut\u00ed 1. sv\u011btov\u00e9 v\u00e1lky se aktivn\u011b zapojil do odboje jako \u010dlen organizace Maffie. Roku 1915 byl zat\u010den a v procesu, kter\u00fd trval od 6. prosince 1915 do 3. \u010dervence 1916, spolu s Karlem Kram\u00e1\u0159em, Vincencem \u010cervinkou a Josefem Zamazalem odsouzen k trestu smrti pro velezradu a vyzv\u011bda\u010dstv\u00ed. Ra\u0161\u00edn byl soudem zbaven akademick\u00e9ho titulu. Podle sv\u011bdk\u016f vynesen\u00ed rozsudku trest p\u0159ijal nejstate\u010dn\u011bji, dokonce se po vynesen\u00ed rozsudku sm\u00e1l. P\u0159ed popravou jej zachr\u00e1nil n\u00e1stup c\u00edsa\u0159e Karla I. na rakousko-uhersk\u00fd tr\u016fn. Trest si odpyk\u00e1val ve velmi tvrd\u00fdch podm\u00ednk\u00e1ch ve v\u011bznici v rakousk\u00e9m M\u00f6llersdorfu, kde sd\u00edlel celu spole\u010dn\u011b s Karlem Kram\u00e1\u0159em. Ve v\u011bzen\u00ed studoval ekonomickou literaturu (ekonomie tehdy je\u0161t\u011b neexistovala jako samostatn\u00fd obor, byla tehdy sou\u010d\u00e1st\u00ed pr\u00e1vnick\u00e9ho vzd\u011bl\u00e1n\u00ed a naz\u00fdvala se hospod\u00e1\u0159sk\u00e9 pr\u00e1vo). P\u0159ipravoval hospod\u00e1\u0159sk\u00fd program pro nov\u00fd samostatn\u00fd st\u00e1t, prom\u00fd\u0161lel odd\u011blen\u00ed a stabilizaci pov\u00e1le\u010dn\u00e9 m\u011bny, prom\u00fd\u0161lel pr\u00e1vn\u00ed postup, jak vyhl\u00e1sit samostatnost. Trest byl mu nejprve zm\u00edrn\u011bn na 10 let. Bylo mu v r\u00e1mci snah o dialog s opozi\u010dn\u00edmi silami nazna\u010dov\u00e1no, \u017ee kdy\u017e po\u017e\u00e1d\u00e1 o milost, bude mu ud\u011blena. Ra\u0161\u00edn v\u0161ak odm\u00edtl \u017e\u00e1dat c\u00edsa\u0159e o milost. Nakonec v \u010dervenci 1917 byl Alois Ra\u0161\u00edn spolu s dal\u0161\u00edmi odsouzen\u00fdmi stejn\u011b amnestov\u00e1n. Ji\u017e b\u011bhem procesu se stal v o\u010d\u00edch \u010desk\u00e9 ve\u0159ejnosti n\u00e1rodn\u00edm hrdinou. Po n\u00e1vratu z v\u011bzen\u00ed se Ra\u0161\u00edn okam\u017eit\u011b aktivn\u011b zapojil do politick\u00e9ho \u017eivota. Znovu se p\u0159ihl\u00e1sil ke zkou\u0161k\u00e1m na Karlov\u011b universit\u011b a 22. z\u00e1\u0159\u00ed 1917 byl op\u011bt promov\u00e1n doktorem pr\u00e1v. Sepsal n\u00e1vrh deklarace nez\u00e1vislosti kombinovan\u00e9 s prozat\u00edmn\u00ed \u00fastavou. N\u00e1vrh m\u011bl 70 \u010dl\u00e1nk\u016f. Od tohoto n\u00e1vrhu pozd\u011bji upustil, proto\u017ee deklarace nez\u00e1vislosti mus\u00ed b\u00fdt stru\u010dn\u00e1 a p\u0159ehledn\u00e1.<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

\"Mu\u017eov\u00e9<\/a>
<\/small><\/div>\n

 <\/p>\n

Proto\u017ee Ra\u0161\u00edn jako jedin\u00fd m\u011bl promy\u0161len\u00e9 kroky, co je pot\u0159eba ud\u011blat pro vyhl\u00e1\u0161en\u00ed samostatnosti, stal se inici\u00e1torem sch\u016fzky se z\u00e1stupci dal\u0161\u00edch politick\u00fdch stran s Anton\u00ednem \u0160vehlou, Ji\u0159\u00edm St\u0159\u00edbrn\u00fdm, Franti\u0161kem Soukupem a Vavrem \u0160rob\u00e1rem. P\u0159edlo\u017eil jim n\u00e1vrh, jak by mohla vypadat deklarace nez\u00e1vislosti \u2013 tzv. prvn\u00ed z\u00e1kon. Text, kter\u00fd psal Ra\u0161\u00edn vlastn\u00ed rukou, a\u010dkoliv je nas\u00e1n na oby\u010dejn\u00e9m kancel\u00e1\u0159sk\u00e9m pap\u00ed\u0159e, je na\u0161\u00ed deklarac\u00ed nez\u00e1vislosti.<\/p>\n

\"Deklarace<\/a>
<\/small><\/div>\n

 <\/p>\n

Takzvan\u00ed \u201amu\u017eov\u00e9 28. \u0159\u00edjna\u2018 krom\u011b prvn\u00edho z\u00e1kona schv\u00e1lili je\u0161t\u011b politickou deklaraci, kterou daleko v\u00edce ovliv\u0148oval Soukup.<\/p>\n

Lide \u010deskoslovensk\u00fd!
Tv\u016fj odv\u011bk\u00fd sen stal se skutkem. St\u00e1t \u010deskoslovensk\u00fd vstoupil dne\u0161n\u00edho dne v \u0159adu samostatn\u00fdch, svobodn\u00fdch, kulturn\u00edch st\u00e1t\u016f sv\u011bta. N\u00e1rodn\u00ed v\u00fdbor, nadan\u00fd d\u016fv\u011brou ve\u0161ker\u00e9ho lidu \u010deskoslovensk\u00e9ho, p\u0159ejal jako jedin\u00fd a opr\u00e1vn\u011bn\u00fd a odpov\u011bdn\u00fd \u010dinitel do sv\u00fdch rukou spr\u00e1vu sv\u00e9ho st\u00e1tu.
Lide \u010deskoslovensk\u00fd!
V\u0161e, co podnik\u00e1\u0161, podnik\u00e1\u0161 od tohoto okam\u017eiku jako nov\u00fd svobodn\u00fd \u010dlen velk\u00e9 rodiny samostatn\u00fdch svobodn\u00fdch n\u00e1rod\u016f.
Nov\u00fdmi \u010diny v t\u011bchto chv\u00edl\u00edch zahajuj\u00ed se nov\u00e9, bohd\u00e1 slavn\u00e9 d\u011bjiny Tvoje. Nezklame\u0161 o\u010dek\u00e1v\u00e1n\u00ed cel\u00e9ho kulturn\u00edho sv\u011bta, kter\u00fd se \u017eehn\u00e1n\u00edm na rtech vzpom\u00edn\u00e1 Tv\u00fdch slavn\u00fdch d\u011bjin, je\u017e vyvrcholily v nesmrteln\u00e9 v\u00fdkony \u010deskoslovensk\u00fdch legi\u00ed na z\u00e1padn\u00edm boji\u0161ti a na Sibi\u0159i. Cel\u00fd sv\u011bt sleduje Tvoje kroky do nov\u00e9ho \u017eivota, Tv\u016fj vstup do zem\u011b zasl\u00edben\u00e9. Zachovej \u0161t\u00edt \u010dist\u00fd jako jej zachovalo Tv\u00e9 n\u00e1rodn\u00ed vojsko: \u010ceskoslovensk\u00e1 legie. Bud‘ si st\u00e1le v\u011bdom, \u017ee jsi ob\u010danem \u010deskoslovensk\u00e9ho st\u00e1tu nejen se v\u0161emi pr\u00e1vy, n\u00fdbr\u017e i povinnostmi.
Na po\u010d\u00e1tku velik\u00e9ho d\u00edla ukl\u00e1d\u00e1 Ti N\u00e1rodn\u00ed v\u00fdbor, ode dne\u0161ka Tv\u00e1 vl\u00e1da, aby Tv\u00e9 chov\u00e1n\u00ed a Tv\u00e1 radost byly d\u016fstojny velk\u00e9 chv\u00edle nyn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed. Na\u0161i osvoboditel\u00e9 Masaryk a Wilson nesm\u00ed b\u00fdti zklam\u00e1ni ve sv\u00e9m p\u0159esv\u011bd\u010den\u00ed, \u017ee dobyli svobody lidu, kter\u00fd dovede s\u00e1m sob\u011b vl\u00e1dnouti, ni jedin\u00fdm ru\u0161iv\u00fdm \u010dinem nesm\u00ed b\u00fdti zkaleny nyn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed velik\u00e9 okam\u017eiky, ni jedin\u00fd z V\u00e1s nesm\u00ed se dopustiti ni\u010deho, co by mohlo vrhnouti st\u00edn na \u010dist\u00e9 jm\u00e9no n\u00e1roda.
Ka\u017ed\u00fd z V\u00e1s mus\u00ed bezv\u00fdhradn\u011b \u0161et\u0159iti v\u0161eho, co jin\u00e9mu jest svato.
Svobody osobn\u00ed, majetku soukrom\u00e9ho nesm\u00ed b\u00fdti dot\u010deno. Podrobte se bezv\u00fdhradn\u011b rozkazu N\u00e1rodn\u00edho v\u00fdboru.
V Praze, dne 28. \u0159\u00edjna 1918.
Za N\u00e1rodn\u00ed v\u00fdbor \u010deskoslovensk\u00fd:
Dr.Fr.Soukup v.r., Dr.Vavro \u0160rob\u00e1r v.r. Anton\u00edn \u0160vehla v.r., Ji\u0159\u00ed St\u0159\u00edbrn\u00fd v.r. JUDr.Al.Ra\u0161\u00edn<\/a> v.r.<\/em><\/p>\n

Ra\u0161\u00edn tak\u00e9 do detailu promyslel a dlouhodob\u011b v konspiraci p\u0159ipravoval z\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed provizorn\u00ed struktury, kter\u00e1 p\u0159evezme roli st\u00e1tn\u00ed spr\u00e1vy, na z\u00e1klad\u011b organiza\u010dn\u00edch jednotek Sokola, 28. \u0159\u00edjna tuto strukturu aktivoval. Vyu\u017eil p\u0159i tom jak organizovan\u00e9 \u00fazemn\u00ed struktury Sokola, tak i toho, \u017ee Sokol dostal privilegium disponovat st\u0159eln\u00fdmi zbran\u011bmi a cvi\u010dit sv\u00e9 \u010dleny ve st\u0159elb\u011b. Pokojn\u00e9 p\u0159evzet\u00ed moci se nakonec Ra\u0161\u00ednovi dokonale poda\u0159ilo. Faktick\u00fdm zakladatelem \u010ceskoslovenska byl Alois Ra\u0161\u00edn.<\/p>\n

Po vzniku \u010ceskoslovenska ve funkci ministra financ\u00ed se Ra\u0161\u00edn stal prvn\u00ed ob\u011bt\u00ed komunistick\u00e9 ideologie u n\u00e1s \u2013 5.1.1923 jej z\u00e1ke\u0159n\u011b zezadu st\u0159elil dv\u011bma ranami z pistole komunista Josef \u0160oupal. Na t\u011b\u017ek\u00e1 zran\u011bn\u00ed Ra\u0161\u00edn zem\u0159el 18.2.1923.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n

Zdroj: https:\/\/payne.blog.idnes.cz\/blog.aspx?c=759911<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

28.10.2020   Pro n\u00e1s je to DEN NEZ\u00c1VISLOSTI, st\u00e1tn\u00ed sv\u00e1tek 28. \u0159\u00edjen. A hlavn\u00ed osobnost\u00ed na\u0161\u00ed svobody a samostatnosti je Dr. ALOIS RA\u0160\u00cdN. Nez\u00e1vislost a svobodu l\u00e9ta p\u0159ipravoval, prom\u00fd\u0161lel a… \u010c\u00edst v\u00edce ><\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"ngg_post_thumbnail":0,"_monsterinsights_skip_tracking":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_active":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_note":"","_monsterinsights_sitenote_category":0,"footnotes":""},"categories":[3],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-1981","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-clanky"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.payne.cz\/WP15\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1981","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.payne.cz\/WP15\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.payne.cz\/WP15\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.payne.cz\/WP15\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.payne.cz\/WP15\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=1981"}],"version-history":[{"count":6,"href":"https:\/\/www.payne.cz\/WP15\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1981\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":1989,"href":"https:\/\/www.payne.cz\/WP15\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1981\/revisions\/1989"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.payne.cz\/WP15\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=1981"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.payne.cz\/WP15\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=1981"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.payne.cz\/WP15\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=1981"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}