{"id":1112,"date":"2015-06-08T02:29:26","date_gmt":"2015-06-08T01:29:26","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.payne.cz\/WP15\/?p=1112"},"modified":"2015-06-08T02:29:26","modified_gmt":"2015-06-08T01:29:26","slug":"obcanska-demokraticka-aliance","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.payne.cz\/WP15\/obcanska-demokraticka-aliance\/","title":{"rendered":"Ob\u010dansk\u00e1 demokratick\u00e1 aliance"},"content":{"rendered":"

1994<\/span><\/p>\n

V pohnut\u00fdch polistopadov\u00fdch dob\u00e1ch na\u0161\u00ed ve\u0159ejnost znepokojovala p\u0159edev\u0161\u00edm ot\u00e1zka: poda\u0159\u00ed se zlikvidovat komunistick\u00fd syst\u00e9m? Byla to doba odporu proti re\u017eimu.<\/p>\n

Tehdy vznikaly, jak si jist\u011b v\u0161ichni vzpomeneme, r\u016fzn\u00e9 iniciativy, organizovaly se podpisov\u00e9 akce a zakl\u00e1dala se hnut\u00ed. N\u011bkdy \u0161lo o zaj\u00edmav\u00e9 experimenty, jindy se vyu\u017e\u00edvala zn\u00e1m\u00e1 organiza\u010dn\u00ed sch\u00e9mata.<\/p>\n

V tomto kontextu vznikla i pom\u011brn\u011b nen\u00e1padn\u00e1 strana ODA s hrstkou \u010dlen\u016f, kter\u00e1 v prvn\u00edch volb\u00e1ch v roce 1990 vylepila nevelk\u00e9 mno\u017estv\u00ed nep\u0159\u00edli\u0161 n\u00e1padn\u00fdch plak\u00e1t\u016f. Jej\u00ed kandid\u00e1ti se ocitli na r\u016fznorod\u00fdch seznamech Ob\u010dansk\u00e9ho f\u00f3ra. ODA tehdy dos\u00e1hla sv\u011btov\u00e9ho rekordu – asi deset procent ze v\u0161ech \u010dlen\u016f ODA (resp. p\u0159ibli\u017en\u011b stovky tehdej\u0161\u00edch \u010dlen\u016f) bylo zvoleno do z\u00e1konod\u00e1rn\u00fdch sbor\u016f.<\/p>\n

ODA byla zalo\u017eena na principech obdobn\u00fdch zedn\u00e1\u0159sk\u00e9 l\u00f3\u017ei. T\u00edm nechci \u0159\u00edci, \u017ee m\u00e1 ODA cokoli spole\u010dn\u00e9ho s touto organizac\u00ed, ale chci pouk\u00e1zat na zp\u016fsob jej\u00ed organizace a pr\u00e1ce.<\/p>\n

\u0160lo o skupinku vyvolen\u00fdch (inspirovan\u00fdch v t\u00e9 dob\u011b je\u0161t\u011b disidentsk\u00fdmi skupinami), kte\u0159\u00ed se rozhodli sv\u00fdmi my\u0161lenkami infikovat politiky na v\u00fdznamn\u00fdch pozic\u00edch.<\/p>\n

V\u00fdhodou takov\u00e9 organizace je velk\u00e1 operativnost, m\u016f\u017ee velmi dob\u0159e parazitovat na demokracii. Ov\u0161em nev\u00fdhodou je, \u017ee nedok\u00e1\u017ee mnoho vytvo\u0159it. B\u011bda, kdyby takto uspo\u0159\u00e1dan\u00e1 skupina m\u011bla n\u00e9st odpov\u011bdnost za veden\u00ed st\u00e1tu.<\/p>\n

Jestli je v sou\u010dasnosti u n\u00e1s pot\u0159ebn\u00e9 budovat a upev\u0148ovat demokratick\u00e9 mechanismy, pak ODA k tomu p\u0159\u00edli\u0161 nep\u0159isp\u00edv\u00e1.<\/p>\n

Uve_me p\u0159\u00edklad. V\u00edte jak sestavovala ODA kandid\u00e1tky? Mal\u00e1 skupinka neju\u017e\u0161\u00edho veden\u00ed je prost\u011b sepsala. Byly pak, pravda, schv\u00e1leny jako celek, ale pro rozvoj demokracie je podstatn\u00e1 jejich tvorba.<\/p>\n

Mnoh\u00e9 nedostatky demokrati\u010dnosti v ODA se zakr\u00fdvaj\u00ed poukazem na to, \u017ee ODA je „stranou volebn\u00edho typu“. Pod\u00edvejme se tedy na to, co to strana volebn\u00edho typu je. Zn\u00e1me je p\u0159edev\u0161\u00edm z USA – jsou to strany s nepatrn\u00fdm mno\u017estv\u00edm aktivn\u00edch \u010dlen\u016f, spol\u00e9haj\u00edc\u00ed na podporu ve volb\u00e1ch z\u00edskanou d\u00edky sympatisant\u016fm.<\/p>\n

V \u010dem se na\u0161e situace li\u0161\u00ed od Spojen\u00fdch St\u00e1t\u016f? V tom, \u017ee v USA existuj\u00ed pevn\u00e9 p\u0159edpisy (vedle volebn\u00edho z\u00e1kona), kter\u00e9 p\u0159esn\u011b stanov\u00ed kon\u00e1n\u00ed ve\u0159ejn\u00fdch prim\u00e1rek p\u0159i sestavov\u00e1n\u00ed kandid\u00e1tek. Proti volebn\u00edm stran\u00e1m „zedn\u00e1\u0159sk\u00e9ho typu“ (analogick\u00e9 principy m\u00e1 i mafie), kter\u00e9 jsou pro demokracii nebezpe\u010dn\u00e9, stoj\u00ed mimo jin\u00e9 pevn\u00fd \u0159\u00e1d pro sestavov\u00e1n\u00ed kandid\u00e1tek, aby nemohlo doj\u00edt k tomu, \u017ee se \u00fazk\u00e1 skupinka navz\u00e1jem bude nominovat do funkc\u00ed, ani\u017e by m\u011bla podporu _ \u010dlen\u016f nebo podporovatel\u016f.<\/p>\n

S takov\u00fdmito praktikami by ODA v Americe t\u011b\u017eko vysv\u011btlovala, \u017ee n\u00e1zev „demokratick\u00e1“ v n\u00e1zvu nen\u00ed jen kamufl\u00e1\u017e\u00ed.<\/p>\n

Pro n\u00e1s je v\u0161ak podstatn\u00e9 jedno kriterium: nakolik sm\u011b\u0159ujeme ke stabiln\u00ed demokracii. Nutno konstatovat, \u017ee ODA k upev\u0148ov\u00e1n\u00ed demokracie p\u0159\u00edli\u0161 nevede.<\/p>\n

Trochu p\u0159ipom\u00edn\u00e1 ODA sv\u00fdm charakterem nevyzr\u00e1l\u00e9 pokusy o politick\u00e9 strany v Rusku. Strany, kter\u00e9 neusiluj\u00ed o vytvo\u0159en\u00ed organiza\u010dn\u00ed struktury. V\u00fdsledkem p\u016fsoben\u00ed takov\u00fdch stran je permanentn\u00ed \u00fastavn\u00ed krize. Parlament (resp. superparlament) i prezident maj\u00ed volebn\u00ed mand\u00e1t, av\u0161ak d\u00edky takov\u00fdmto stran\u00e1m nejsou vlastn\u011b nikomu odpov\u011bdn\u00ed. Mohou si d\u011blat co cht\u011bj\u00ed a nehroz\u00ed, \u017ee by je jejich vlastn\u00ed \u010dlenov\u00e9 volali k odpov\u011bdnosti. Neexistuje spojen\u00ed mezi ob\u010dany a poslanci, proto\u017ee neexistuje ani demokratick\u00e1 struktura jejich stran. Proto mohou ru\u0161t\u00ed politikov\u00e9 vyvolat \u00fastavn\u00ed krizi kdykoli se jim zl\u00edb\u00ed.<\/p>\n

V n\u011b\u010dem je ODA podobn\u00e1 i polsk\u00fdm politick\u00fdm skupin\u00e1m, kter\u00e9 vytv\u00e1\u0159ej\u00ed nejr\u016fzn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed politick\u00e9 kombinace jako na spartaki\u00e1d\u011b a doufaj\u00ed, \u017ee za jist\u00fdch okolnost\u00ed se zal\u00edb\u00ed ve\u0159ejnosti.<\/p>\n

Proto\u017ee veden\u00ed ODA nemus\u00ed c\u00edtit odpov\u011bdnost sv\u00fdm \u010dlen\u016fm, spol\u00e9h\u00e1 p\u0159ece na podporu p\u0159el\u00e9vaj\u00edc\u00edch se p\u0159\u00edznivc\u016f, nevede ani sv\u00e9 \u010dleny k odpov\u011bdnosti. Nep\u0159ekvapuje ani d\u016fraz ODA na osobn\u00ed svobodu, postavenou za nejvy\u0161\u0161\u00ed ide\u00e1l – v tom m\u00e1 charakter typicky liber\u00e1ln\u00ed strany, v\u010detn\u011b toho, co se o liber\u00e1lech \u010dasto \u0159\u00edk\u00e1, \u017ee toti\u017e maj\u00ed v\u00edce liber\u00e1ln\u00edch n\u00e1zor\u016f ne\u017e \u010dlen\u016f – ov\u0161em extr\u00e9mn\u00ed liberalismus je vlastn\u011b anarchie.<\/p>\n

P\u0159ehnan\u00fd osobn\u00ed liberalismus se tak\u00e9 m\u016f\u017ee kombinovat s individu\u00e1ln\u00edm, neorganizovan\u00fdm, nacionalismem, kter\u00fd vych\u00e1z\u00ed z cynick\u00e9ho konstatov\u00e1n\u00ed, \u017ee si stejn\u011b mohu myslet co chci (nap\u0159\u00edklad o Slov\u00e1c\u00edch).<\/p>\n

Dokud bude m\u00edt ODA st\u00e1vaj\u00edc\u00ed veden\u00ed (zahrnuj\u00edc\u00ed „otce – zakladatele“), pak snad p\u0159\u00edli\u0161 velk\u00e9 nebezpe\u010d\u00ed nehroz\u00ed. Kdyby se v\u0161ak do veden\u00ed m\u011blo dostat p\u00e1r politik\u016f s pon\u011bkud dikt\u00e1tor\u0161t\u011bj\u0161\u00edmi sklony, znamenala by nep\u0159\u00edli\u0161 p\u0159ehledn\u00e1 struktura ODA velk\u00e9 nebezpe\u010d\u00ed pro demokracii u n\u00e1s.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

1994 V pohnut\u00fdch polistopadov\u00fdch dob\u00e1ch na\u0161\u00ed ve\u0159ejnost znepokojovala p\u0159edev\u0161\u00edm ot\u00e1zka: poda\u0159\u00ed se zlikvidovat komunistick\u00fd syst\u00e9m? Byla to doba odporu proti re\u017eimu. Tehdy vznikaly, jak si jist\u011b v\u0161ichni vzpomeneme, r\u016fzn\u00e9 iniciativy,… \u010c\u00edst v\u00edce ><\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"ngg_post_thumbnail":0,"_monsterinsights_skip_tracking":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_active":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_note":"","_monsterinsights_sitenote_category":0,"footnotes":""},"categories":[3],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-1112","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-clanky"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.payne.cz\/WP15\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1112","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.payne.cz\/WP15\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.payne.cz\/WP15\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.payne.cz\/WP15\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.payne.cz\/WP15\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=1112"}],"version-history":[{"count":2,"href":"https:\/\/www.payne.cz\/WP15\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1112\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":1114,"href":"https:\/\/www.payne.cz\/WP15\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1112\/revisions\/1114"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.payne.cz\/WP15\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=1112"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.payne.cz\/WP15\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=1112"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.payne.cz\/WP15\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=1112"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}