{"id":1090,"date":"2015-06-08T02:06:53","date_gmt":"2015-06-08T01:06:53","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.payne.cz\/WP15\/?p=1090"},"modified":"2015-06-08T02:06:53","modified_gmt":"2015-06-08T01:06:53","slug":"trojuhelnik-odpovednosti","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.payne.cz\/WP15\/trojuhelnik-odpovednosti\/","title":{"rendered":"Troj\u00faheln\u00edk odpov\u011bdnosti"},"content":{"rendered":"<p style=\"text-align: right;\"><span style=\"color: #008080;\">27.12.1997<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Prom\u011bna na\u0161eho \u017eivota a transformace politick\u00e9ho syst\u00e9mu je spojena s mno\u017estv\u00edm rozhodnut\u00ed. Tu a tam se objevuj\u00ed diskuse o odpov\u011bdnosti politik\u016f, \u010dili o mor\u00e1lce osobnost\u00ed p\u016fsob\u00edc\u00edch ve ve\u0159ejnopr\u00e1vn\u00ed oblasti. Zhruba stejn\u011b \u010dasto se objevuj\u00ed takzvan\u00e9 af\u00e9ry &#8211; od finan\u010dn\u00edch a\u017e po t\u00e9m\u011b\u0159 \u0161pion\u00e1\u017en\u00ed, od smy\u0161len\u00fdch a\u017e po skute\u010dn\u00e9. Krom\u011b prosazov\u00e1n\u00ed z\u00e1kladn\u00edch pravidel demokracie (resp. boje proti jasn\u011b vymezen\u00fdm nedemokrat\u016fm) a krom\u011b \u010d\u00edm d\u00e1l t\u00edm v\u00edce propracovan\u011bj\u0161\u00edch volebn\u00edch program\u016f za\u010d\u00edn\u00e1 st\u00e1le v\u00edce z\u00e1le\u017eet ve volebn\u00edm soupe\u0159en\u00ed politick\u00fdch stran tak\u00e9 <strong>na mor\u00e1ln\u00edch principech<\/strong>.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Prozat\u00edm se zcela nev\u017eila p\u0159edstava, \u017ee politik, kter\u00fd se pohybuje ve ve\u0159ejnopr\u00e1vn\u00ed oblasti, stoj\u00ed pod pon\u011bkud p\u0159\u00edsn\u011bj\u0161\u00edm pohledem ne\u017e \u201csoukromopr\u00e1vn\u00ed\u201d ob\u010dan, jemu\u017e je dovoleno v\u0161e, co z\u00e1kon nezakazuje.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Setk\u00e1v\u00e1me se v t\u011bchto debat\u00e1ch s troj\u00ed filosofi\u00ed. Jednak je to cynick\u00fd, le\u010d p\u0159\u00edsn\u011b individualistick\u00fd p\u0159\u00edstup, podle n\u011bho\u017e je politikovi dovoleno v\u0161e, dokud se na to nep\u0159ijde. Sta\u010d\u00ed nenechat se chytit s kuf\u0159\u00edkem pen\u011bz \u010di za volantem a \u00fasp\u011bch je zaru\u010den. Je to trochu riskantn\u00ed, proto\u017ee spravedlnost nakonec vych\u00e1z\u00ed na povrch. <strong>Z\u00e1sadn\u011b je v\u0161ak t\u0159eba odm\u00edtnout presumpci viny<\/strong>, vych\u00e1zej\u00edc\u00ed z toho \u017ee takov\u00fdch p\u0159\u00edpad\u016f je mnohem v\u00edce, jen\u017ee se o nich nev\u00ed. V \u017e\u00e1dn\u00e9m p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b neplat\u00ed, \u017ee co nezakazuje z\u00e1kon a nebo na co se nep\u0159ijde, to je dovoleno. Kdyby se toto pojet\u00ed m\u011blo prosadit, pak by tak\u00e9 platilo lidov\u00e9 \u00faslov\u00ed, \u017ee politika je \u201csvinstvo\u201d.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Druhou mo\u017enost\u00ed je p\u0159iznat jist\u00fd stupe\u0148 kolektivn\u00ed odpov\u011bdnosti politick\u00e9 strany jako celku v\u016f\u010di kolektivu voli\u010d\u016f jako takov\u00e9mu. Jde o odpov\u011bdnost v\u016f\u010di volebn\u00edmu programu a zpravidla se projevuje d\u016frazem na p\u0159edstavu, \u017ee volebn\u00ed program m\u00e1 povahu smlouvy mezi politickou stranou a voli\u010di. Etick\u00fd aspekt m\u016f\u017ee b\u00fdt zohledn\u011bn p\u0159i psan\u00ed volebn\u00edho programu, ale pak po volb\u00e1ch je ji\u017e kontrakt zpe\u010det\u011bn a nelze jej tud\u00ed\u017e m\u011bnit. Padni komu padni. K\u00e9\u017e by se objevovala alespo\u0148 takov\u00e1to sebek\u00e1ze\u0148 v na\u0161\u00ed politice. Av\u0161ak o\u010dek\u00e1vat od volebn\u00edho programu z\u00e1sadn\u00ed mor\u00e1ln\u00ed vyj\u00e1d\u0159en\u00ed je p\u0159inejmen\u0161\u00edm nerealistick\u00e9. Tak\u00e9 v\u0161ak ji\u017e p\u0159i tro\u0161e zku\u0161enost\u00ed v\u00edme, jak mnoho se poda\u0159\u00ed (resp. nepoda\u0159\u00ed) z volebn\u00edho programu uskute\u010dnit. Pozorn\u00fd \u010dten\u00e1\u0159 volebn\u00edch program\u016f objev\u00ed u n\u011bkter\u00fdch politick\u00fdch stran sliby z\u0159eteln\u011b nesplniteln\u00e9. Nebyla dosud vynalezena \u00fastavn\u00ed funkce dozorce nad mor\u00e1lkou, a\u010d by si to n\u011bkte\u0159\u00ed mo\u017en\u00e1 p\u0159\u00e1li, tak\u017ee nen\u00ed instance, u kter\u00e9 by se nespokojen\u00ed voli\u010di mohli odvolat proti nepln\u011bn\u00ed volebn\u00edch slib\u016f a patrn\u011b je to dob\u0159e, nebo\u0165 p\u0159i d\u016fsledn\u00e9m p\u0159ijet\u00ed smluvn\u00ed povahy z\u00e1vaznosti volebn\u00edho programu by to tak\u00e9 znamenalo nemo\u017enost uzav\u0159en\u00ed jak\u00e9koliv koalice, proto\u017ee strany zpravidla maj\u00ed m\u00edt navz\u00e1jem odli\u0161n\u00e9 programy. Z\u00e1rove\u0148 prom\u00edtnut\u00ed tohoto principu na individu\u00e1ln\u00edho politika p\u0159edstavuje tuhou stranickou k\u00e1ze\u0148 a pon\u011bkud p\u0159ipom\u00edn\u00e1 totalitn\u00ed koncepci politick\u00e9 strany.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Kdyby i zde m\u011blo platit, \u017ee t\u0159et\u00ed mo\u017enost nen\u00ed, bylo by smutno na sv\u011bt\u011b. Na\u0161t\u011bst\u00ed je v\u0161ak je\u0161t\u011b t\u0159et\u00ed, rovn\u011b\u017e individu\u00e1ln\u00ed pojet\u00ed, podle n\u011bho\u017e se politik pohybuje v troj\u00faheln\u00edkov\u00e9m prostoru, vymezen\u00e9m <strong>odpov\u011bdnost\u00ed<\/strong> v prvn\u00ed \u0159ad\u011b <strong>sv\u00e9mu sv\u011bdom\u00ed<\/strong>, d\u00e1le pak sv\u00e9mu <strong>voli\u010dstvu<\/strong> a tak\u00e9 <strong>politick\u00e9 stran\u011b<\/strong> a volebn\u00edmu programu. V tomto troj\u00faheln\u00edku uzav\u00edr\u00e1 jeden ka\u017ed\u00fd politik kompromisy. Dokonce p\u0159i ka\u017ed\u00e9m politick\u00e9m rozhodov\u00e1n\u00ed si mus\u00ed politik tyto ot\u00e1zky polo\u017eit. Co vlastn\u011b o\u010dek\u00e1vaj\u00ed voli\u010di, ob\u010dan\u00e9 \u010cesk\u00e9 republiky? Kdyby byla polo\u017eena jen tato ot\u00e1zka, pak by se jednalo o \u010dist\u00fd populismus. Kdyby se jednalo pouze o o\u010dek\u00e1v\u00e1n\u00ed \u00fazk\u00e9 z\u00e1jmov\u00e9 skupiny, byl by to nep\u0159\u00edli\u0161 pr\u016fhledn\u00fd lobbyismus. Co si od politika p\u0159eje politick\u00e1 strana b\u00fdv\u00e1 z\u0159ejm\u00e9 z r\u016fzn\u00fdch stranick\u00fdch dokument\u016f a prohl\u00e1\u0161en\u00ed \u010di program\u016f. Nejd\u016fle\u017eit\u011bj\u0161\u00ed ale z\u016fst\u00e1v\u00e1 ot\u00e1zka, co tomu \u0159\u00edk\u00e1 sv\u011bdom\u00ed. Proto tak\u00e9 u n\u00e1s ji\u017e tradi\u010dn\u011b politik slibuje podle \u00fastavy \u201cna svou \u010dest, \u017ee bude sv\u016fj mand\u00e1t vykon\u00e1vat v z\u00e1jmu v\u0161eho lidu a podle sv\u00e9ho nejlep\u0161\u00edho v\u011bdom\u00ed a sv\u011bdom\u00ed\u201d, \u017ee bude podle sv\u00fdch schopnost\u00ed usilovat o prosazov\u00e1n\u00ed z\u00e1jm\u016f sv\u00e9ho st\u00e1tu. To je tak\u00e9 to, co se nejv\u00edce o\u010dek\u00e1v\u00e1 od t\u011bch, jim\u017e byla sv\u011b\u0159ena p\u00e9\u010de o v\u011bci ve\u0159ejn\u00e9 &#8211; neboli \u201cres publica\u201d.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>27.12.1997 Prom\u011bna na\u0161eho \u017eivota a transformace politick\u00e9ho syst\u00e9mu je spojena s mno\u017estv\u00edm rozhodnut\u00ed. Tu a tam se objevuj\u00ed diskuse o odpov\u011bdnosti politik\u016f, \u010dili o mor\u00e1lce osobnost\u00ed p\u016fsob\u00edc\u00edch ve ve\u0159ejnopr\u00e1vn\u00ed oblasti&#8230;. <a class=\"read-more-button\" href=\"https:\/\/www.payne.cz\/WP15\/trojuhelnik-odpovednosti\/\">\u010c\u00edst v\u00edce &gt;<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"ngg_post_thumbnail":0,"_monsterinsights_skip_tracking":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_active":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_note":"","_monsterinsights_sitenote_category":0,"footnotes":""},"categories":[3],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-1090","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-clanky"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.payne.cz\/WP15\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1090","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.payne.cz\/WP15\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.payne.cz\/WP15\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.payne.cz\/WP15\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.payne.cz\/WP15\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=1090"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/www.payne.cz\/WP15\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1090\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":1091,"href":"https:\/\/www.payne.cz\/WP15\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1090\/revisions\/1091"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.payne.cz\/WP15\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=1090"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.payne.cz\/WP15\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=1090"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.payne.cz\/WP15\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=1090"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}