{"id":1026,"date":"2015-06-07T23:32:51","date_gmt":"2015-06-07T22:32:51","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.payne.cz\/WP15\/?p=1026"},"modified":"2015-06-07T23:32:51","modified_gmt":"2015-06-07T22:32:51","slug":"duvodova-zprava-k-navrhu-zakona-o-mistnim-referendu","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.payne.cz\/WP15\/duvodova-zprava-k-navrhu-zakona-o-mistnim-referendu\/","title":{"rendered":"D\u016fvodov\u00e1 zpr\u00e1va\u00a0k n\u00e1vrhu z\u00e1kona o m\u00edstn\u00edm referendu"},"content":{"rendered":"<p style=\"text-align: right;\"><span style=\"color: #008080;\">1992<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\">Ji\u0159\u00ed Payne, Hana Marvanov\u00e1<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong>I. Obecn\u00e1 \u010d\u00e1st<\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\">1. \u00davod<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Referendum je jedn\u00edm z prvk\u016f p\u0159\u00edm\u00e9 demokracie, kter\u00e1 je v nej\u0161ir\u0161\u00ed podob\u011b uskute\u010dn\u011bna pouze ve \u0160v\u00fdcarsku, kde b\u00fdv\u00e1 ozna\u010dov\u00e1na tak\u00e9 za konkordan\u010dn\u00ed demokracii (na rozd\u00edl od demokracie zastupitelsk\u00e9). Prost\u0159ednictv\u00edm referenda se ob\u010dan\u00e9 p\u0159\u00edmo pod\u00edlej\u00ed na politick\u00e9m rozhodov\u00e1n\u00ed formou hlasov\u00e1n\u00ed o konkr\u00e9tn\u011b polo\u017een\u00e9 ot\u00e1zce, a to vyj\u00e1d\u0159en\u00edm souhlasu nebo odm\u00edtnut\u00edm.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Za nejjednodu\u0161\u0161\u00ed formu p\u0159\u00edm\u00e9 demokracie lze pova\u017eovat peti\u010dn\u00ed pr\u00e1vo, kter\u00e9 v\u0161ak p\u0159\u00edslu\u0161n\u00fd org\u00e1n nezavazuje k projedn\u00e1v\u00e1n\u00ed petice. To bylo v \u010ceskoslovensku plnokrevn\u011b uz\u00e1kon\u011bno v roce 1990 z\u00e1konem \u010d. 85\/1990 Sb.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Legislativn\u00ed \u00fapravu instituce referenda lze charakterizovat podle r\u016fzn\u00fdch hledisek. Z\u00e1sadn\u00ed rozli\u0161en\u00ed se t\u00fdk\u00e1 \u00farovn\u011b, na n\u00ed\u017e se kon\u00e1. Zpravidla je rozli\u0161ov\u00e1no referendum na \u00farovni z\u00e1konod\u00e1rn\u00e9ho sboru (to jest na cel\u00e9m \u00fazem\u00ed st\u00e1tu nebo republik) a referendum, kter\u00e9\u00a0se kon\u00e1 na r\u016fzn\u00fdch \u00farovn\u00edch samospr\u00e1vy, podle \u00farovn\u00ed \u00fazemn\u00ed samospr\u00e1vy se tak\u00e9 zpravidla ustanoven\u00ed o referendu li\u0161\u00ed.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Zpravidla b\u00fdv\u00e1 rozli\u0161ov\u00e1na iniciativa v\u016f\u010di ur\u010dit\u00e9mu org\u00e1nu, referendum obligatorn\u00ed a fakultativn\u00ed, a d\u00e1le plebiscit.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>Iniciativa<\/strong>\u00a0(pop\u0159. lidov\u00e1 iniciativa) umo\u017e\u0148uje ob\u010dan\u016fm podat n\u00e1vrh na usnesen\u00ed \u010di z\u00e1kon prost\u0159ednictv\u00edm petice. P\u0159\u00edslu\u0161n\u00fd org\u00e1n potom n\u00e1vrh projedn\u00e1 a m\u016f\u017ee m\u00edt pr\u00e1vo jej zam\u00edtnout, nebo m\u016f\u017ee b\u00fdt za ur\u010dit\u00fdch okolnost\u00ed iniciativa spojena s kon\u00e1n\u00edm referenda, a to tak, \u017ee se referendum vyhla\u0161uje, pokud je iniciativn\u00ed n\u00e1vrh p\u0159\u00edslu\u0161n\u00fdm org\u00e1nem zam\u00edtnut. V n\u011bkter\u00fdch p\u0159\u00edpadech se o iniciativn\u00edm n\u00e1vrhu kon\u00e1 referendum v\u017edy.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Pro pod\u00e1n\u00ed iniciativy b\u00fdv\u00e1 n\u011bkdy stanoveno rozd\u00edln\u00e9 kv\u00f3rum, \u010dasto desetiprocentn\u00ed, v USA obvykle 5%.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">V p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b\u00a0<strong>obligatorn\u00edho (povinn\u00e9ho) referenda<\/strong>\u00a0se hlasov\u00e1n\u00ed o z\u00e1konem (n\u011bkdy \u00fastavou) stanoven\u00fdch ot\u00e1zk\u00e1ch mus\u00ed konat v\u017edy a jeho souhlasn\u00e9 rozhodnut\u00ed je nutnou podm\u00ednkou pro p\u0159ijet\u00ed ur\u010dit\u00e9ho opat\u0159en\u00ed. V \u0159ad\u011b zem\u00ed se kon\u00e1 obligatorn\u00ed referendum o \u00fastavn\u00edch zm\u011bn\u00e1ch (USA, \u0160v\u00fdcarsko).<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>Fakultativn\u00ed (dobrovoln\u00e9, opcion\u00e1ln\u00ed)<\/strong>\u00a0referendum (<strong>lidov\u00e9 &#8222;veto&#8220;<\/strong>) se kon\u00e1 pouze v p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b, \u017ee stanoven\u00e9 mno\u017estv\u00ed voli\u010d\u016f (p\u0159\u00edpadn\u011b ur\u010dit\u00fd org\u00e1n) po\u017e\u00e1d\u00e1 prost\u0159ednictv\u00edm petice (iniciativy) o kon\u00e1n\u00ed referenda o rozhodnut\u00ed (usnesen\u00ed, z\u00e1konu), kter\u00e9 prob\u011bhlo obvykl\u00fdm zp\u016fsobem, a dot\u010den\u00e9 usnesen\u00ed m\u016f\u017ee b\u00fdt prost\u0159ednictv\u00edm referenda odm\u00edtnuto.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Od t\u011bchto forem p\u0159\u00edm\u00e9 demokracie je t\u0159eba odli\u0161ovat\u00a0<strong>plebiscit<\/strong>, co\u017e je hlasov\u00e1n\u00ed na z\u00e1klad\u011b n\u00e1vrhu podan\u00e9ho org\u00e1nem, kter\u00fd by norm\u00e1ln\u011b byl kompetentn\u00ed v\u011bc rozhodnout, ale z ur\u010dit\u00fdch d\u016fvod\u016f se k tomu nec\u00edt\u00ed b\u00fdt dostate\u010dn\u011b opr\u00e1vn\u011bn. V\u00fdsledek hlasov\u00e1n\u00ed v plebiscitu m\u016f\u017ee b\u00fdt pro p\u0159\u00edslu\u0161n\u00fd org\u00e1n z\u00e1vazn\u00fd a nahrazuje tedy jeho rozhodnut\u00ed (p\u0159\u00edpad parlamentu, kter\u00fd ztratil autoritu), nebo m\u00e1 doporu\u010duj\u00edc\u00ed charakter a rovn\u00e1 se tedy jist\u00e9mu druhu kvalifikovan\u00e9ho pr\u016fzkumu ve\u0159ejn\u00e9ho m\u00edn\u011bn\u00ed.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Dal\u0161\u00edm hlediskem je okruh ot\u00e1zek, o nich\u017e podle legislativn\u00edch p\u0159edpis\u016f n\u00e1le\u017e\u00ed rozhodovat v referendu.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Jako charakteristika m\u016f\u017ee tak\u00e9 slou\u017eit tajnost, pop\u0159\u00edpad\u011b ve\u0159ejnost hlasov\u00e1n\u00ed. Jako p\u0159\u00edklad ve\u0159ejn\u00e9ho referenda m\u016f\u017ee slou\u017eit p\u0159\u00edm\u00e9 rozhodov\u00e1n\u00ed na shrom\u00e1\u017ed\u011bn\u00ed ob\u010dan\u016f, kter\u00e9 se v\u0161ak m\u016f\u017ee konat pouze na \u00farovni mal\u00fdch samospr\u00e1vn\u00fdch celk\u016f.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Rozd\u00edln\u00e1 b\u00fdvaj\u00ed tak\u00e9 ustanoven\u00ed o minim\u00e1ln\u00edm kv\u00f3ru \u00fa\u010dasti ob\u010dan\u016f pot\u0159ebn\u00e9m k platn\u00e9mu rozhodnut\u00ed pop\u0159\u00edpad\u011b pom\u011bru kladn\u00fdch a z\u00e1porn\u00fdch odpov\u011bd\u00ed.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Ve v\u0161ech p\u0159\u00edpadech je podstatn\u00e1 formulace ot\u00e1zky, p\u0159edlo\u017een\u00e9 k rozhodnut\u00ed v referendu. Mimo jin\u00e9 i v tom, zda lze na ot\u00e1zku odpov\u00eddat pouze &#8222;ano&#8220; \u010di &#8222;ne&#8220;, nebo zda je umo\u017en\u011bno i hlasov\u00e1n\u00ed o v\u00edce variantn\u00edch \u0159e\u0161en\u00edch.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">V praxi lidov\u00e9ho &#8222;veta&#8220; (fakultativn\u00edho referenda) vyu\u017e\u00edvaj\u00ed skupiny, kter\u00e9 se c\u00edtily b\u00fdt dot\u010deny ve sv\u00fdch pr\u00e1vech legislativn\u00edm opat\u0159en\u00edm a kter\u00e9 se odhodlaly p\u0159esv\u011bd\u010dit v\u011bt\u0161inu, aby je podpo\u0159ila v po\u017eadavku odm\u00edtnut\u00ed opat\u0159en\u00ed.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Pr\u00e1va iniciativy (iniciativn\u00edho referenda) vyu\u017e\u00edvaj\u00ed skupiny, kter\u00e9 nejsou schopn\u00e9 p\u0159im\u011bt kompetentn\u00ed org\u00e1n, aby po\u017eadovan\u00e9 opat\u0159en\u00ed p\u0159ijal.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Iniciativn\u00ed a fakultativn\u00ed referendum se uk\u00e1zalo jako m\u00e9n\u011b z\u00e1va\u017en\u00e9, ne\u017e obligatorn\u00ed referendum, i z hlediska \u010detnosti opat\u0159en\u00ed, kter\u00e1 jsou jimi p\u0159\u00edmo ovlivn\u011bna.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Woodrow Wilson ozna\u010dil prost\u0159edky p\u0159\u00edm\u00e9 demokracie za &#8222;revolver za dve\u0159mi&#8220;, kter\u00fd lze pou\u017e\u00edt, hroz\u00ed-li zneu\u017eit\u00ed moci.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Obecn\u011b lze \u0159\u00edci, \u017ee snahy po zaveden\u00ed prvk\u016f p\u0159\u00edm\u00e9 demokracie se objevuj\u00ed v dob\u00e1ch spole\u010densk\u00e9ho nap\u011bt\u00ed jako projev ned\u016fv\u011bry k parlamentn\u00ed demokracii.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\">2. N\u00e1vrh z\u00e1kona<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">N\u00e1vrh nepo\u010d\u00edt\u00e1 s mo\u017enost\u00ed tzv. plebiscitu, to jest hlasov\u00e1n\u00ed z iniciativy org\u00e1nu, kter\u00fd by byl jinak opr\u00e1vn\u011bn\u00fd v\u011bc rozhodnout. Instituce plebiscitu je podstatn\u00fdm z\u00e1sahem do zastupitelsk\u00e9 demokracie a nen\u00ed v evropsk\u00fdch zem\u00edch na \u00farovni obc\u00ed ani vy\u0161\u0161\u00edch samospr\u00e1vn\u00fdch celk\u016f obvykl\u00fd.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Pr\u00e1vo iniciovat m\u00edstn\u00ed referendum je v\u00fdhradn\u011b sv\u011b\u0159eno ob\u010dan\u016fm obce. Je nutn\u00e9 stanovit minim\u00e1ln\u00ed po\u010det opr\u00e1vn\u011bn\u00fdch ob\u010dan\u016f nutn\u00fd k pod\u00e1n\u00ed \u017e\u00e1dosti o referendum, nebo\u0165 jinak by mohlo b\u00fdt vyhl\u00e1\u0161eno i o ot\u00e1zk\u00e1ch, u nich\u017e je z\u0159ejm\u00e9, \u017ee nemaj\u00ed dostate\u010dnou podporu, a tak by se konalo vlastn\u011b zbyte\u010dn\u011b a pouze by vznikaly n\u00e1roky na jeho financov\u00e1n\u00ed.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Obligatorn\u00ed referendum je navrhov\u00e1no pro p\u0159\u00edpad rozd\u011blen\u00ed obce, nebo\u0165 nen\u00ed mo\u017en\u00e9 ob\u010dan\u016fm odlu\u010duj\u00edc\u00ed se \u010d\u00e1sti obce rozhodnut\u00edm jak\u00e9hokoliv org\u00e1nu ud\u011blit v\u011bt\u0161\u00ed samospr\u00e1vnou odpov\u011bdnost, ne\u017e jakou \u017e\u00e1daj\u00ed a jakou jsou ochotni n\u00e9st. Fakultativn\u00ed referendum je navrhov\u00e1no pro p\u0159\u00edpad slu\u010dov\u00e1n\u00ed obc\u00ed. Slou\u010den\u00ed je mo\u017en\u00e9 prov\u00e9st na z\u00e1klad\u011b rozhodnut\u00ed zastupitelstva, nebo\u0165 kdy\u017e jsou \u010dlenov\u00e9 zastupitelstva sami ochotni vzd\u00e1t se sv\u00e9 rozhodovac\u00ed pravomoci ve prosp\u011bch slou\u010den\u00e9 obce, patrn\u011b k tomu maj\u00ed z\u00e1va\u017en\u00e9 d\u016fvody. Ekonomicky jsou a\u017e do jist\u00e9 m\u00edry v\u011bt\u0161\u00ed obce v\u00fdhodn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">N\u00e1vrh po\u010d\u00edt\u00e1 s tzv. iniciativou, kter\u00e1 navrhuje zastupitelstvu z\u00e1vazn\u00fdm zp\u016fsobem, aby se navrhovanou ot\u00e1zkou v\u00e1\u017en\u011b zab\u00fdvalo. Pokud tak neu\u010din\u00ed, rozhodne se o n\u00ed hlasov\u00e1n\u00edm v m\u00edstn\u00edm referendu. Iniciativn\u00ed referendum m\u016f\u017ee tak\u00e9 zm\u011bnit ji\u017e u\u010din\u011bn\u00e9 rozhodnut\u00ed zastupitelstva.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Krom\u011b referenda existuje je\u0161t\u011b mo\u017enost takzvan\u00e9ho &#8222;dot\u00e1z\u00e1n\u00ed obyvatelstva&#8220;, co\u017e je v podstat\u011b kvalifikovan\u00fd pr\u016fzkum ve\u0159ejn\u00e9ho m\u00edn\u011bn\u00ed ob\u010dan\u016f obce za \u00fa\u010delem zji\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed pot\u0159ebn\u00e9 informace pro rozhodnut\u00ed org\u00e1nu obce. K tomu je v\u0161ak obec opr\u00e1vn\u011bna v r\u00e1mci sv\u00e9 samostatn\u00e9 p\u016fsobnosti, a proto nen\u00ed t\u0159eba zakotvit tuto mo\u017enost v z\u00e1kon\u011b. Rozd\u00edlem oproti referendu je to, \u017ee pravomoc rozhodnout z\u016fst\u00e1v\u00e1 v p\u016fsobnosti org\u00e1nu obce. Je mo\u017en\u00e9 je\u0161t\u011b zv\u00e1\u017eit pr\u00e1vo zastupitelstva iniciovat referendum v p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b rozhodov\u00e1n\u00ed o v\u00edce variant\u00e1ch \u0159e\u0161en\u00ed t\u00e9\u017ee v\u011bci.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Pokud by m\u011blo b\u00fdt zavedeno republikov\u00e9 referendum, je t\u0159eba zv\u00e1\u017eit, kter\u00e9 prvky by m\u011bly b\u00fdt spole\u010dn\u00e9 s m\u00edstn\u00edm referendem.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Referendum se podle n\u00e1vrhu m\u016f\u017ee konat pouze o ot\u00e1zk\u00e1ch spadaj\u00edc\u00edch do samostatn\u00e9 p\u016fsobnosti obce. V p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b vytvo\u0159en\u00ed vy\u0161\u0161\u00edch samospr\u00e1vn\u00fdch celk\u016f by bylo nutn\u00e9 doplnit i mo\u017enost kon\u00e1n\u00ed referenda na jejich \u00farovni.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">N\u00e1vrh nestanov\u00ed \u017e\u00e1dn\u00e9 kv\u00f3rum \u00fa\u010dasti voli\u010d\u016f pro platnost rozhodnut\u00ed, krom\u011b p\u0159\u00edpadu slou\u010den\u00ed obc\u00ed, rozd\u011blen\u00ed obce nebo z\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed nov\u00e9 m\u011bstsk\u00e9 \u010d\u00e1sti, a d\u00e1le pokud by rozhodnut\u00ed referenda bylo odli\u0161n\u00e9 ne\u017e je stanovisko zastupitelstva, vyj\u00e1d\u0159en\u00e9 po vyhl\u00e1\u0161en\u00ed referenda. Jin\u00e9 stanoven\u00ed kv\u00f3ra by mohlo u\u010dinit referendum nefunk\u010dn\u00edm. Jako p\u0159\u00edklad uve\u010fme 30% kv\u00f3rum na kladnou odpov\u011b\u010f, co\u017e implikuje 40-60% podm\u00ednku na celkovou \u00fa\u010dast opr\u00e1vn\u011bn\u00fdch ob\u010dan\u016f. Takovou \u00fa\u010dast v\u0161ak podle zku\u0161enost\u00ed nelze o\u010dek\u00e1vat. Nap\u0159\u00edklad ve \u0160v\u00fdcarsku je nulov\u00e9 kv\u00f3rum obvykl\u00e9. Jako d\u016fvod se uv\u00e1d\u00ed, \u017ee rozhodnut\u00ed t\u011bch, kdo jsou na v\u011bci zainteresov\u00e1ni, je demokratick\u00e9 pr\u00e1vo men\u0161iny, pokud z\u016fstane zachov\u00e1no v\u0161em pr\u00e1vo hlasovat.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Kv\u00f3rum je ve vymezen\u00fdch p\u0159\u00edpadech stanoveno z toho d\u016fvodu, aby nedoch\u00e1zelo k un\u00e1hlen\u00fdm rozhodnut\u00edm, kter\u00e1 jsou v uveden\u00e9m p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b n\u00e1ro\u010dn\u00e1 jednak administrativn\u011b, jednak finan\u010dn\u011b. Rozhodnut\u00ed o rozd\u011blen\u00ed by m\u011blo m\u00edt dlouhodobou perspektivu.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Probl\u00e9m alternativn\u00edch \u0159e\u0161en\u00ed je prozat\u00edm \u0159e\u0161en slou\u010den\u00edm kon\u00e1n\u00ed referenda o r\u016fzn\u00fdch iniciativ\u00e1ch.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Sporn\u00fdm se m\u016f\u017ee jevit v\u00fd\u010det p\u0159\u00edpad\u016f, kdy se referendum nekon\u00e1, zejm\u00e9na finan\u010dn\u00ed ot\u00e1zky, spadaj\u00edc\u00ed do samostatn\u00e9 p\u016fsobnosti obce. Existuj\u00ed toti\u017e rozd\u00edly mezi vesnic\u00ed a m\u011bstem, kde pou\u017eit\u00ed v\u00fdnosu z poplatk\u016f nen\u00ed tak snadno kontrolovateln\u00e9. V zahrani\u010d\u00ed existuj\u00ed p\u0159\u00edklady, jak pro mo\u017enost kon\u00e1n\u00ed referenda o finan\u010dn\u00edch ot\u00e1zk\u00e1ch, tak pro jejich vylou\u010den\u00ed z p\u016fsobnosti referenda.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">P\u0159edlo\u017een\u00fd n\u00e1vrh z\u00e1kona v\u011bcn\u011b vych\u00e1z\u00ed ze z\u00e1sad z\u00e1kona o m\u00edstn\u00edm referendu, kter\u00fd projednaly v\u00fdbory \u010cNR a sna\u017e\u00ed se zohlednit \u0159adu p\u0159ipom\u00ednek ze strany v\u00fdbor\u016f \u010cNR i ze strany vl\u00e1dy \u010cesk\u00e9 republiky.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Oproti n\u00e1vrhu z\u00e1sad v\u0161ak n\u00e1vrh z\u00e1kona doznal podstatnou zm\u011bnu v systematice. Jev\u00ed se toti\u017e praktick\u00e9, aby byl postup hlasov\u00e1n\u00ed p\u0159i referendu co nejv\u00edce podobn\u00fd postupu hlasov\u00e1n\u00ed p\u0159i volb\u00e1ch. Toho je mo\u017eno nejl\u00e9pe dos\u00e1hnout t\u00edm, \u017ee bude existovat spole\u010dn\u00fd z\u00e1kon pro volby a pro referendum, zat\u00edm tedy alespo\u0148 z\u00e1kon pro volby do zastupitelstev v obc\u00edch a pro m\u00edstn\u00ed referendum, s t\u00edm, \u017ee perspektivn\u011b by do tohoto spole\u010dn\u00e9ho z\u00e1kona mohly b\u00fdt za\u010dlen\u011bny i volby do \u010cesk\u00e9 n\u00e1rodn\u00ed rady, a po vytvo\u0159en\u00ed vy\u0161\u0161\u00edho stupn\u011b samospr\u00e1vy i referendum ve v\u011bt\u0161\u00edm samospr\u00e1vn\u00fdch celc\u00edch, p\u0159\u00edpadn\u011b referendum na \u00farovni republiky.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Proto p\u0159edkladatel\u00e9 slou\u010dili do jednoho z\u00e1kona problematiku, kterou doposud upravuje z\u00e1kon \u010cNR \u010d. 368\/l990 Sb., o volb\u00e1ch do zastupitelstev v obc\u00edch, a p\u0159ipravovan\u00fd z\u00e1kon o m\u00edstn\u00edm referendu. P\u0159itom se p\u0159edkladatel\u00e9 z\u00e1rove\u0148 sna\u017eili se d\u016fsledn\u011b dr\u017eet zn\u011bn\u00ed dosavadn\u00edho z\u00e1kona o volb\u00e1ch do zastupitelstev v obc\u00edch s v\u00fdjimkou n\u011bkolika nezbytn\u00fdch \u00faprav, a to i p\u0159esto, \u017ee by si n\u011bkter\u00e9 zm\u011bny tento z\u00e1kon vy\u017eadoval. P\u0159edkladatel\u00e9 v\u0161ak vych\u00e1zeli z toho, \u017ee ve v\u00fdborech \u010cesk\u00e9 n\u00e1rodn\u00ed rady byly projedn\u00e1ny\u00a0pouze z\u00e1sady z\u00e1kona o m\u00edstn\u00edm referendu, nikoli z\u00e1sady novely z\u00e1kona o volb\u00e1ch do zastupitelstev v obc\u00edch.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>1992 Ji\u0159\u00ed Payne, Hana Marvanov\u00e1 I. Obecn\u00e1 \u010d\u00e1st 1. \u00davod Referendum je jedn\u00edm z prvk\u016f p\u0159\u00edm\u00e9 demokracie, kter\u00e1 je v nej\u0161ir\u0161\u00ed podob\u011b uskute\u010dn\u011bna pouze ve \u0160v\u00fdcarsku, kde b\u00fdv\u00e1 ozna\u010dov\u00e1na tak\u00e9&#8230; <a class=\"read-more-button\" href=\"https:\/\/www.payne.cz\/WP15\/duvodova-zprava-k-navrhu-zakona-o-mistnim-referendu\/\">\u010c\u00edst v\u00edce &gt;<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"ngg_post_thumbnail":0,"_monsterinsights_skip_tracking":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_active":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_note":"","_monsterinsights_sitenote_category":0,"footnotes":""},"categories":[3],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-1026","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-clanky"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.payne.cz\/WP15\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1026","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.payne.cz\/WP15\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.payne.cz\/WP15\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.payne.cz\/WP15\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.payne.cz\/WP15\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=1026"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/www.payne.cz\/WP15\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1026\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":1027,"href":"https:\/\/www.payne.cz\/WP15\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1026\/revisions\/1027"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.payne.cz\/WP15\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=1026"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.payne.cz\/WP15\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=1026"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.payne.cz\/WP15\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=1026"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}